How to increase the artificial insemination rate of cage chickens

The author takes the grass-roots work experience for many years to believe that raising the fertilization rate of artificial insemination of cage-breeding chickens should ensure the following major technical measures in the production process: 1. Selection of the type of roosters for the breeding of roosters has always been the choice of appearance. Picking cocks must come from the parents' healthy, high-yielding, offspring with good traits. Good appearance, strong physique, strong muscles, broad fore chest, bright eyes and eyes, flexible and agile, clear and cry; strong legs and feet, firm and elastic foot pads; plump and shiny feathers, obvious secondary sexual characteristics, chicken cocks and flesh Well-developed, bright red color, because of the positive correlation between the traits and semen quality. The rooster goes through 3 screens. The first choice should be 45-50 days old. From the beginning of brooding, there are plans to choose healthy and lively, well-developed, young chickens with fast growing crowns. On the 120th to 150th day of age, this age segment is the key to growth. Development and fitness are important to meet the standard; the third time in the 150-160 days of age, semen training based on sexual reflex and semen quality to choose. The retention of roosters depends not only on the appearance of the body, but also on the growth and development. The density of the spermatozoon of the rooster is reduced and the vigor is decreased; when it is too thin, the sexual reflex is not strong and the reproductive function is low. Any person who has a late sexual maturity, excessive weight, too little or no male characteristics, should be eliminated regardless of other indicators. The ratio between male and female can be reserved at 1:40. Sexual reflexes are selected to determine the pros and cons. Sperm roosters have strong reflexes. When selected, the thumb and index finger are used to stimulate the tail of the rooster. It is easy to form a reflex, which can lift upwards, relax around the cloacal cavity, and milky valgus. Semen can be successful. Semen quality is one of the key factors affecting the fertilization rate. When selecting the species, a comprehensive inspection and comprehensive assessment of semen quality should be performed. The chicken's normal semen is a milky white thick liquid, and the ejaculation amount is 0.4-1.0 ml. Sperm density varieties (strains) vary widely among individuals, generally 0.25-4.0 billion/ml, and density and fertilization rates are closely related, with a correlation coefficient of 0.3-0.4. The greater the density, the greater the viability, and the more sperm that moves in a straight line, the higher the fertilization rate. The sperm density and fresh essence vitality of artificial insemination should be 300 million/ml and 0.95 or higher respectively. The sperm morphology and fertilization rate were significantly correlated. The normal sperm abnormality rate in chickens was 5%-15%, and the correlation coefficient of survival r between fertilization rate and sperm deformity rate was -0.86 at 1 week after insemination. Fighting cock, the quality of semen is not necessarily good. The production should choose a large amount of ejaculation, sperm vitality, high density, low deformity rate, no pollution, sexual desire of the roosting species. Second, the lack of energy in the rooster diet nutrition diet can make the cock in a negative energy balance, so that weight loss, testicular volume becomes smaller, semen volume decreased; the opposite, high energy can make fat deposition, weight gain, resulting in sperm extraction difficult. Cage breeding cockerel should limit feeding. Production practice has shown that the metabolic energy is 11-12 MJ/kg diet, which can control weight gain and ensure that excellent quality semen is produced during the breeding season. The crude protein during the brooding period of the roosters reached 18%-19%, the breeding period was 12%-14%, and the breeding period was 14%-16%. On the basis of ensuring protein levels, balancing methionine and lysine levels can ensure that the rooster has a high reproductive rate. Arginine and methionine are directly involved in spermatogenesis. The addition of 0.3% or 0.5% arginine to the diet can increase the total amount of ejaculate by 8.7% and 19%, respectively. The effect is extremely significant. The lack of vitamins in the diet can reduce the cock's viability, reduce sexual reflexes, and reduce semen volume. Cage breeder chickens are not exposed to sunlight or restricted, and vitamin D must be added to the diet. Production practice shows that adding 200 million units of vitamin A, 3.3 million units of vitamin D, vitamin E4 grams of vitamin B20.8 grams, and vitamin C6 grams per 100 kilograms of rooster diets can obtain excellent quality semen. The addition of 0.1-0.2 g/kg zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate and 0.3-0.5 mg/kg sodium selenite to the diet of the male roost had a very significant effect on improving semen quality and fertility. Dietary calcium and phosphorus contents of 1.5%-2.0% and 0.4% were suitable. Production practice has shown that when the calcium and phosphorus in the diet are 28 and 7 g/kg, respectively, there is a great influence on the libido reflex and sperm yield of the breeder. Third, the interval between the sperm collection interval is an important measure to obtain high-quality semen and improve the fertilization rate. It has been reported that semen can be obtained once a day and good quality semen can be obtained and the mating task within the breeding period can be successfully completed. In order to give full play to the utilization rate of the fine breed rooster in order to infuse more hens, a system of 2-3 days of weekly sperm recovery and 2 days of rest is adopted. The results showed that the amount and density of semen could recover to the best level after 2 days of rest, and had no adverse effect on semen quality. Fourth, semen preservation of sperm metabolism, undiluted fresh semen at 20 °C -25 °C, 30 minutes will reduce the fertilization rate. The fresh semen should be immediately stored at 30°C-35°C, and should be used up within 25-30 minutes. The faster the insemination rate, the shorter the sperm stays in the outside world, the better the live rate, and the higher the fertilization rate. When the hen population is large, dilute semen may be stored at low temperature with BPSE or BPSE-2 (1.8 g of fructose, 2.8 g of sodium glutamate, 100 ml of distilled water) in simple dilution and set at 5-10°C. Save 24-48 hours. Fifth, the best insemination time hen best insemination time, should be in the womb without hard shell eggs or after 3 hours of egg output is better. I had observed and counted the egg production time of 2187 hens. As a result, 95.02% (2078/2187) of the hens had finished egg production at 16:00 in the afternoon, and the genital tract was now in a state of “open and unobstructed”. Therefore, 16:00-18:30 insemination is conducive to the improvement of fertility rate. 6. The appropriate amount of insemination is closely related to the fertilization rate. When 100 million and 1 billion sperm are input once, the fertilization rate is correspondingly 95% and 97%. When 10 million sperm were entered, the fertilization rate dropped to 38%. Production is now using the original semen insemination, each input of 0.03-0.05 ml, effective sperm 0.8-1.0 million or more is appropriate. To ensure the number of sperm required for fertilization, the first insemination should be increased by 2-3 times the amount of semen. In addition, it should be noted that while the hen's fertility is declining, the cock's fertility is also decreasing. From the middle to the end of the breeding period, the amount of insemination should be increased appropriately with the age of the male cockerel, so as to maintain a higher fertilization rate of the breeding eggs. 7. Suitable Insemination Spacing After the mating of chickens, most of the sperm quickly enter the "sperm gland cavity" of the uterus-vaginal joint, and thereafter "release" to the fallopian tube in a slow continuous manner. Because of the testicular temperature of the rooster and the special structure of the reproductive tract of the hen, the survival time of chicken sperm in the fallopian tube can reach 35 days, which is much longer than that of livestock sperm. The fertilization ability of chicken sperm declines after 3-5 days of mating. In order to keep the egg fertilization rate high, it is necessary to supplement the input of high quality semen at certain intervals. A short interval will not only increase the workload, but also increase the stress response to flocking when catching chickens; if it is too long, the fertilization rate will decrease. According to the emergence time of fertilization, after many years of production practice, it is most appropriate to inseminate once every 5 days, and the fertilization rate can be kept above 94%.

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