Don't forget to manage and protect the orchard
Clean up dead branches and leaves, the orchard needs "beauty"
Cleaning the litter of the orchard is one of the main overwintering places for many diseases and insects, such as apple brown spot disease, spotted leaf disease, pear scab, etc., which are all on damaged leaves, dead branches, diseased branches, and dead fruit. Overwintering. Therefore, after the defoliation of the fruit tree is finished, the fallen leaves, fallen branches and fruits are thoroughly cleaned, buried or directly fertilized, or taken out of the orchard and burned, and the overwintering pests on the litter can be greatly reduced in the coming year.
Cut off pests and diseases on branches. Many pests, such as white rot, pear anthracnose, peach brown rot, etc., are hung on the branches for a long time. They should be removed in combination with pruning, cut off and burned collectively to reduce their occurrence. Has a very good effect. At the same time, reasonable pruning can adjust the load of the tree body, improve the ventilation and light conditions, and promote the healthy growth of fruit trees, which in itself can significantly improve the resistance of fruit trees to diseases and insects and reduce their harm.
There are many overwintering diseases and insects lurking in the soil under the canopy of deep planing tree trays, such as small peach heartworm, small pear heartworm, jujube looper, etc., which overwinter in the soil under the tree disk. Therefore, deep planing the tree tray before freezing on the soil can directly kill some pests. At the same time, some of the pests that were originally hidden in the soil can be exposed by turning over and be preyed by natural enemies or be frozen to death.
To prevent diseases, kill insects and protect leaves, fruit trees need to be "healthy"
It is very important to prevent the leaves from falling off beforehand. It is very important to prevent diseases, insects, and protect the leaves after harvesting, because there are still some insects in the garden after harvesting that damage the leaves, and some diseases that cause falling leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to use some fungicides and insecticides to prevent diseases and insects. Do not let the leaves fall off in advance. The amount of nutrients stored in the tree during this period determines the cold resistance of the fruit tree in winter and the disease resistance of the fruit tree in the second year. The more nutrients are stored, the better the cold resistance and disease resistance of the fruit tree in the second year.
Improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves. Some fruit growers are planting to replenish macro-elements and medium-trace elements. The symptoms of zinc deficiency and iron deficiency in fruit trees in the second year are all due to the accumulation of too little nutrients in the previous year. The lack of nutrient accumulation will soon be consumed and some symptoms will appear. Therefore, after the leaves are fallen, special attention should be paid to supplementing nutrients for the fruit trees, especially the supplementary trace elements. If not supplemented, the lack of nutrients will soon manifest in the second year. come out.
Remember to fertilize when picking fruit, fruit trees need "nutrition"
The fertilization period is suitable for early-maturing species and robust trees to be fertilized after fruit picking, while for late-maturing species, vulnerable trees and trees with a lot of fruit in the year, the application should be advanced to 10 days or half a month before fruit picking. For example, the application period of winter jujube should be earlier than other fruit trees. a little. Compared with other deciduous fruit trees, Dongzao has the characteristics of late budding and early deciduous leaves.
Fertilizer amount and nutrient ratio Fertilizer amount varies with tree species and strains, but it must reflect the same important principles as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Taking peach trees as an example, the nutrient ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.6:1, and the appropriate amount of nitrogen per plant is about 0.2-0.3 kg. The ratio of persimmon trees to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements is 1:0.35:0.8, which shows that persimmon trees have a greater demand for nitrogen. In the litchi production area, there is a general phenomenon of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and neglect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer. For this reason, in this fertilization, special attention should be paid to the balanced application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, as well as the supplementary application of calcium, magnesium and trace elements.
The depth of fertilization varies depending on the type of tree. Winter jujube is a shallow-rooted fruit tree with a depth of 40 cm; the appropriate ditch depth for apple circular fertilization is 50-60 cm, and the radiant fertilization is 50 cm deep at the edge of the crown; persimmon has deep roots and underdeveloped lateral roots, fertilize The depth should be between 60 and 80 cm; for peach tree furrow or circular application, the depth should be between 40 and 50 cm.
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