Fungus cultivation techniques
First, the fungus section of wood cultivation techniques:
1. Selection of materials: The most suitable wood for the cultivation of fungus is broad-leaved trees with loose texture and defoliation in winter. Among them, tung oil is the best, followed by cypress, duck foot wood, camphor tree, and heavy wood, etc. More than 5 cm above the mouth can be used for fungus cultivation. Take 15-20 cm for the best.
2, felling section: in the winter solstice ~ Ching Ming between the trees, to convulsions 10 days before and after cutting the tree the best, you need to select the sunny cut down the tree, after cutting about 7 days to branch, and cut into sections of about 1 meter of wood, Apply 5% lime water to the cut-off to prevent bacterial invasion. Store in a cool, dry place covered with thin film or weed branches to prevent sun and rain.
3, selection of improved species: the woolen strains of this species adaptability, easy cultivation, large ears, fast growth, high yield, jacking section of dry wood ear 3 to 7 pounds. The quality of the strain requires no infection, white and thick mycelium, and aroma of fungus. The bacterial age is 30 to 50 days.
4, timely inoculation: 2 to 4 months for the best period of inoculation. Inoculation is too early, the temperature is low, the rate of colonization is low, and if the temperature is too late, it is easy to infect the bacteria and reduce the yield. When inoculated, the wood should be fresh and inoculated 10-30 days after cutting. The wood should not be dried. The average monthly temperature is above 16°C, hyphae are easy to recover, and the rate of colonization is high. The holes are drilled with a 12 mm hole punch, and the depth is about 1.5 cm. The spacing is 3.5 inches (10 cm) and the spacing is 1.5 inches (4 cm). Product "character arrangement.
5, to strengthen management: ear field to choose flat terrain, near water, sheltered from the sun. After inoculation, the covered film is kept warm, moisturized, and the ears are stacked neatly in the shed. After about 7 days, the water is sprayed. After 10 days, the rate of colonization is checked. If the colonization rate is low or the bacteria is found to be dead, remove the bacteria and then replace the bacteria. The strains are turned every 10 days. When turning a pile, you must take it gently, change the position from top to bottom, change the stacking position 6 times, spray water according to the dry humidity of the wood. If you want to cover the film, pay attention to ventilation. Ventilate for 2 hours every day and open the membrane ventilation at noon on sunny days. After two months of management, the ear buds must be managed on a stand before they occur in large numbers. Before the stand, the powder and quicklime are sterilized at the site. Arranged in "person" shape or "well" shape, spray water 3 to 4 times a day, and the relative humidity of the air should reach 90%.
6. Timely harvesting: When the ears are all unfolded, the ear and limbs can be harvested when it becomes small. The harvest can be harvested every 8 days. When harvesting, it is necessary to adopt large and small collections, leave no ear roots, and do not injure the small ears. The day of the water should not be sprayed, after a batch of water stopped after harvest for 2 days, after the bacteria can be a large number of ears, picking the sun under the fungus.
7, pest control: The main diseases are Penicillium, green mold, Trichoderma, and some fungi, insect pests mainly wired insects, cockroaches, ticks, fruit flies, etc., should be mastered to control the main, commonly used formalin (formaldehyde), lime water, copper sulfate, and benzalkonium.
Second, fungus substitute materials cultivation techniques:
The production of fungus mainly depends on the cultivation of section wood. Due to the shortage of ear forest resources, the method of using fungus to cultivate fungus at present is restricted and it has become the only way to develop fungus production. Substituted cultivation is the use of sawdust, bagasse, crop stalks, husks of fruit seeds, etc. as raw materials for cultivation of fungus. The material-substituting cultivation has rich material resources, low cost, and 3-4 times higher yield than the section wood cultivation, short time, and high economic benefits.
(1) The type and ratio of the substitutes The fungus grows wood for the day, and the nutrients needed for growth and development are mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as the carbon source, protein as the nitrogen source, and inorganic salts and some vitamins. . Therefore, as long as it contains a certain amount of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, vitamins, inorganic salts, can be used to cultivate fungus. Also add other substances to supplement some of the missing ingredients in the raw materials, such as sawdust is a part of the heart, carbon content is sufficient and nitrogen content is less, add appropriate rice bran and bran can supplement nitrogen source insufficient. There are a lot of cellulose resources in the rural areas of our district, such as bean straw, bagasse, and peanut shells, and we can match them according to their nutritional composition. This can only be achieved by growing fungus.
According to the nutrient content of several substitute materials, several kinds of culture formulas are introduced as follows:
1. sawdust culture material: 78% of hardwood sawdust, 20% of rice bran (or bran), 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of sugar.
2. 78% of wood chips, 20% of rice bran, 1% of sugar, and 1% of calcium carbonate.
3, corn heart (crush) 79%, bran 20%, gypsum 1%.
4, corn heart (crush) 99%, gypsum powder 1%, vitamin b2100 tablets.
5, Bagasse 84%, bran (or rice bran) 15%, gypsum 1%.
6, bean straw (crush) 88%, bran (or rice bran) 10%, gypsum 1%, 1%.
7. 68% straw, 30% rice bran, 1% plaster, and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
8, 49% corn heart, sawdust 49%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%.
9, 49% of corn heart, 49% straw powder, 1% 1%, and 1% plaster.
Practice has shown that bagasse, sawdust culture materials for wood production, yield better.
(B) cultivation techniques Alternative materials Cultivation of fungus in a variety of ways, mainly plastic bag cultivation, glass cultivation, cultivation of bacteria brick, box type cultivation, in which the highest yield bag.
1, glass bottle cultivation: is the use of 500 ml old cans to cultivate fungus. The method is: According to the formula of the culture material, add water and mix well, the water content is 60%, compact after bottling, 3 bottles per material, put it at the shoulder of the bottle, hit a hole in the middle, and wipe the bottle mouth. The cowhide is about to seal the bottle and fasten it, sterilize it with 1.5 kg/cm2 pressure, autoclave for 1.5 hours, or sterilize it at normal pressure, and keep it for 6-8 hours after boiling. After the bottle is sterilized, the bottle is cooled. Aseptically, the fungus is inoculated into the auricularia species. The bottle is then placed in a culture chamber. The temperature in the culture chamber should be maintained at 22-25°C, and the culture mycelium is over 30-35 days. Bottle, then remove the bottle cap, bottle mouth up, neatly arranged, indoor temperature is maintained at 20-28 °C, the relative humidity of air is controlled at 80-95%. If the humidity is insufficient, you can spray misty water on the indoor floor and space. When a large number of fruit bodies in the bottle appear, the indoor humidity can be appropriately increased. In order to promote the formation and growth of fruit bodies, it is necessary to keep the indoor air fresh and give a great deal of astigmatism and quantitative direct light.
2, plastic bag cultivation: is the use of plastic bags for the production of fungus containers. The production process is that the original species is 40 days - → cultivated species 40-50 days - → open hole cultivation 7-10 days - → ear bud formation 15-20 days - → mature harvest 10 days - → secondary ear bud formation 15 -20 days -→ harvest.
According to the local conditions, use culture materials, according to the above formula, add water and mix well, the moisture content of the culture material is 60%, besides when loading bags, be sure to shake the edges, put it into the two-thirds place and press it slightly and flatten it. Brush over the plastic sleeve, plug the tampon and sterilize for 1.5 hours under 1.5 kg/cm2 pressure. After the sterilized bag is cooled, 5-10 g of the original seed is inserted aseptically, and the bacteria species are dispersed on the cultured surface, so that the bacteria can be accelerated. After inoculation, culture was carried out at 25-28°C on a bed frame with scattered light. After about 1 month, seeing some ear bases appear, 2-5 holes are opened on the wall of the bag to make it out of ear. In the cultivation process, attention should be paid to the adjustment of temperature and moisture, room temperature is controlled at 20-25°C, and the fruiting body should be covered with thin film insulation during the occurrence period of the fruit body. However, the film should be opened for ventilation 1-2 times per day. In the fruit body formation stage, the water requirement increases, and the relative air temperature should be maintained at about 80-90%. ? From the plastic bag hole to harvest, hair fungus takes 15-25 days, black fungus takes 25-35 days.
The cultivation of Auricularia auricula is easier than that of Auricularia auricula, because the Auricularia auricularia has strong resistance, the mycelium grows fast, the chance of contamination by the bacteria is less, and the Auricularia auricula is less tolerant, and the cultivation technique requires higher.
1. Selection of materials: The most suitable wood for the cultivation of fungus is broad-leaved trees with loose texture and defoliation in winter. Among them, tung oil is the best, followed by cypress, duck foot wood, camphor tree, and heavy wood, etc. More than 5 cm above the mouth can be used for fungus cultivation. Take 15-20 cm for the best.
2, felling section: in the winter solstice ~ Ching Ming between the trees, to convulsions 10 days before and after cutting the tree the best, you need to select the sunny cut down the tree, after cutting about 7 days to branch, and cut into sections of about 1 meter of wood, Apply 5% lime water to the cut-off to prevent bacterial invasion. Store in a cool, dry place covered with thin film or weed branches to prevent sun and rain.
3, selection of improved species: the woolen strains of this species adaptability, easy cultivation, large ears, fast growth, high yield, jacking section of dry wood ear 3 to 7 pounds. The quality of the strain requires no infection, white and thick mycelium, and aroma of fungus. The bacterial age is 30 to 50 days.
4, timely inoculation: 2 to 4 months for the best period of inoculation. Inoculation is too early, the temperature is low, the rate of colonization is low, and if the temperature is too late, it is easy to infect the bacteria and reduce the yield. When inoculated, the wood should be fresh and inoculated 10-30 days after cutting. The wood should not be dried. The average monthly temperature is above 16°C, hyphae are easy to recover, and the rate of colonization is high. The holes are drilled with a 12 mm hole punch, and the depth is about 1.5 cm. The spacing is 3.5 inches (10 cm) and the spacing is 1.5 inches (4 cm). Product "character arrangement.
5, to strengthen management: ear field to choose flat terrain, near water, sheltered from the sun. After inoculation, the covered film is kept warm, moisturized, and the ears are stacked neatly in the shed. After about 7 days, the water is sprayed. After 10 days, the rate of colonization is checked. If the colonization rate is low or the bacteria is found to be dead, remove the bacteria and then replace the bacteria. The strains are turned every 10 days. When turning a pile, you must take it gently, change the position from top to bottom, change the stacking position 6 times, spray water according to the dry humidity of the wood. If you want to cover the film, pay attention to ventilation. Ventilate for 2 hours every day and open the membrane ventilation at noon on sunny days. After two months of management, the ear buds must be managed on a stand before they occur in large numbers. Before the stand, the powder and quicklime are sterilized at the site. Arranged in "person" shape or "well" shape, spray water 3 to 4 times a day, and the relative humidity of the air should reach 90%.
6. Timely harvesting: When the ears are all unfolded, the ear and limbs can be harvested when it becomes small. The harvest can be harvested every 8 days. When harvesting, it is necessary to adopt large and small collections, leave no ear roots, and do not injure the small ears. The day of the water should not be sprayed, after a batch of water stopped after harvest for 2 days, after the bacteria can be a large number of ears, picking the sun under the fungus.
7, pest control: The main diseases are Penicillium, green mold, Trichoderma, and some fungi, insect pests mainly wired insects, cockroaches, ticks, fruit flies, etc., should be mastered to control the main, commonly used formalin (formaldehyde), lime water, copper sulfate, and benzalkonium.
Second, fungus substitute materials cultivation techniques:
The production of fungus mainly depends on the cultivation of section wood. Due to the shortage of ear forest resources, the method of using fungus to cultivate fungus at present is restricted and it has become the only way to develop fungus production. Substituted cultivation is the use of sawdust, bagasse, crop stalks, husks of fruit seeds, etc. as raw materials for cultivation of fungus. The material-substituting cultivation has rich material resources, low cost, and 3-4 times higher yield than the section wood cultivation, short time, and high economic benefits.
(1) The type and ratio of the substitutes The fungus grows wood for the day, and the nutrients needed for growth and development are mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as the carbon source, protein as the nitrogen source, and inorganic salts and some vitamins. . Therefore, as long as it contains a certain amount of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, vitamins, inorganic salts, can be used to cultivate fungus. Also add other substances to supplement some of the missing ingredients in the raw materials, such as sawdust is a part of the heart, carbon content is sufficient and nitrogen content is less, add appropriate rice bran and bran can supplement nitrogen source insufficient. There are a lot of cellulose resources in the rural areas of our district, such as bean straw, bagasse, and peanut shells, and we can match them according to their nutritional composition. This can only be achieved by growing fungus.
According to the nutrient content of several substitute materials, several kinds of culture formulas are introduced as follows:
1. sawdust culture material: 78% of hardwood sawdust, 20% of rice bran (or bran), 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of sugar.
2. 78% of wood chips, 20% of rice bran, 1% of sugar, and 1% of calcium carbonate.
3, corn heart (crush) 79%, bran 20%, gypsum 1%.
4, corn heart (crush) 99%, gypsum powder 1%, vitamin b2100 tablets.
5, Bagasse 84%, bran (or rice bran) 15%, gypsum 1%.
6, bean straw (crush) 88%, bran (or rice bran) 10%, gypsum 1%, 1%.
7. 68% straw, 30% rice bran, 1% plaster, and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
8, 49% corn heart, sawdust 49%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%.
9, 49% of corn heart, 49% straw powder, 1% 1%, and 1% plaster.
Practice has shown that bagasse, sawdust culture materials for wood production, yield better.
(B) cultivation techniques Alternative materials Cultivation of fungus in a variety of ways, mainly plastic bag cultivation, glass cultivation, cultivation of bacteria brick, box type cultivation, in which the highest yield bag.
1, glass bottle cultivation: is the use of 500 ml old cans to cultivate fungus. The method is: According to the formula of the culture material, add water and mix well, the water content is 60%, compact after bottling, 3 bottles per material, put it at the shoulder of the bottle, hit a hole in the middle, and wipe the bottle mouth. The cowhide is about to seal the bottle and fasten it, sterilize it with 1.5 kg/cm2 pressure, autoclave for 1.5 hours, or sterilize it at normal pressure, and keep it for 6-8 hours after boiling. After the bottle is sterilized, the bottle is cooled. Aseptically, the fungus is inoculated into the auricularia species. The bottle is then placed in a culture chamber. The temperature in the culture chamber should be maintained at 22-25°C, and the culture mycelium is over 30-35 days. Bottle, then remove the bottle cap, bottle mouth up, neatly arranged, indoor temperature is maintained at 20-28 °C, the relative humidity of air is controlled at 80-95%. If the humidity is insufficient, you can spray misty water on the indoor floor and space. When a large number of fruit bodies in the bottle appear, the indoor humidity can be appropriately increased. In order to promote the formation and growth of fruit bodies, it is necessary to keep the indoor air fresh and give a great deal of astigmatism and quantitative direct light.
2, plastic bag cultivation: is the use of plastic bags for the production of fungus containers. The production process is that the original species is 40 days - → cultivated species 40-50 days - → open hole cultivation 7-10 days - → ear bud formation 15-20 days - → mature harvest 10 days - → secondary ear bud formation 15 -20 days -→ harvest.
According to the local conditions, use culture materials, according to the above formula, add water and mix well, the moisture content of the culture material is 60%, besides when loading bags, be sure to shake the edges, put it into the two-thirds place and press it slightly and flatten it. Brush over the plastic sleeve, plug the tampon and sterilize for 1.5 hours under 1.5 kg/cm2 pressure. After the sterilized bag is cooled, 5-10 g of the original seed is inserted aseptically, and the bacteria species are dispersed on the cultured surface, so that the bacteria can be accelerated. After inoculation, culture was carried out at 25-28°C on a bed frame with scattered light. After about 1 month, seeing some ear bases appear, 2-5 holes are opened on the wall of the bag to make it out of ear. In the cultivation process, attention should be paid to the adjustment of temperature and moisture, room temperature is controlled at 20-25°C, and the fruiting body should be covered with thin film insulation during the occurrence period of the fruit body. However, the film should be opened for ventilation 1-2 times per day. In the fruit body formation stage, the water requirement increases, and the relative air temperature should be maintained at about 80-90%. ? From the plastic bag hole to harvest, hair fungus takes 15-25 days, black fungus takes 25-35 days.
The cultivation of Auricularia auricula is easier than that of Auricularia auricula, because the Auricularia auricularia has strong resistance, the mycelium grows fast, the chance of contamination by the bacteria is less, and the Auricularia auricula is less tolerant, and the cultivation technique requires higher.
total alkalinity: prevent fluctuation in pH levels
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