Seed plasma processing technology
Plasma machine seed processing technology is a "863" project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and its plasma machine has passed the identification. In the past two years, the Jilin Provincial Government and the Changchun Municipal Government approved the introduction of this technology by the Jilin Provincial Agriculture Commission and the Changchun Agriculture Commission. They have carried out trials and demonstrations on a large scale for two consecutive years and achieved significant results. The feasibility of technology promotion has been fully verified, and the experimental demonstration data obtained have proved that the plasma seed treatment technology not only increases the output of crops, but also shows comprehensive advantages in many aspects. At the same time, it also improves the quality of products to some extent. 2004 Changchun City has an experimental demonstration area of ​​0.52 million mu and treats 34,000 kilograms of seed; in 2005, the city’s experimental demonstration area was 26,500 mu, and the treated seeds amounted to more than 50,000 kilograms, an increase of 410% and 47% from the previous year. The cumulative test demonstration area in the province has reached more than 100,000 mu. The specific advantages demonstrated can be summarized as eight major advantages:
First, the germination potential of the seeds increased, and the germination rate increased significantly. By stimulating the vigor of the seed, the germination rate of the corn treatment increased by 1-5% compared with the control, the increase rate of the soybean was 5%, and the average rice reached 8%, especially the seed purity was not high, the bud potential was weak or the Chen seeds were treated, and the bud potential was treated. The rate of increase in bud rate was the highest, reaching 20%. In 2005, Jilin Province experienced continuous spring rains and low temperatures. The maize variety 413 sown by the farmers of Sanshe Village of Binhe Township, Nong'an County, Jilin Province had basically ensured the emergence rate after treatment, but there was no treatment to destroy or replant the seed. Changyou City Erdao District handsome town Wei Zigou village Li Youcai family species is the 2003 Chen corn seed, Chen seeds itself is characterized by weak buds, poor seedling conservation, field investigation shows that the treated seeds seedling maintenance rate of 95%, not processed The control field seedling rate was 69%, and replanting was performed. The germination rate of pepper seeds treated in Yushu City increased from 40% to 60%. With only this one item, the cost of seeds per hectare could be saved by more than 2000 yuan. Practice has proved that for the crops with weak germination rate, low germination rate, Chen seeds or rice sowing, direct seeding of wheat, etc., which require high germination rate, the treatment effect is quite obvious.
Second, the emergence of a neat, early seedling period. The germination rate of the treated seeds was improved, and the plants were neat and tidy. The masses called them a “birthday†and did not lack seedlings. They emerged 1-3 days earlier than the control fields. The corn and soybeans treated in Jiaojia Village, Shanghewan Town, Jiutai City, Jilin Province were 2 days older than the control field. The test and demonstration field in the Bohai Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Dehui City was 3 days earlier than the control field, and Miao Qi, Miao uniform, strong seedlings, growth advantages are quite prominent.
Third, it showed strong resistance to disasters. The treated seeds have a strong vitality in the germination and growth stages of the crops, and have the ability to resist drought and resist low temperatures and resist natural disasters. Generally, they are not seeded or seedlings. In Yushu City in 2004, there was a "drunk neck drought". There was no rain in the past two months. Some of the crops were dry and dead. However, the treated plot seedlings showed strong drought resistance. Although they were also affected, they were obviously growing. Better than the control field, no dead due to drought. This spring due to low temperature, rainy, early sowing of corn appeared powder phenomenon, replanting or destroying the seed, and the treatment did not appear powder phenomenon, basically ensured the emergence rate. For the yellow smoke test, the control tobacco seedlings should be 3-4 days slow after transplantation, and the treated tobacco seedlings do not need to be seedlings after transplanting, showing the advantages of cold resistance and frost resistance. The demonstration field of the 4th community Wang Guifu of Yousheng Village, Binhe Township, Nong'an County, Changchun City, is an alfalfa field. After sowing, the treated plant has emerged 2 days earlier than the untreated plant. The growth is obviously better than that of the contrast field, and the stem is obviously thicker in the autumn and the plant height is higher than that in the field. About 20 centimeters, there is no lodging, and untreated plots appear lodging.
Fourth, it can promote crop growth. The results of the trial and demonstration show that the treated crops have many roots, leaf hypertrophy, dark green color, high seedling height, thick stems and strong growth. The rice roots were well-developed, water roots increased, and tillering early and many, more than 3-5 control fields, and some were planted with pods. Other crops have developed root systems, increased secondary roots, and a significant increase in soybean rhizobial bacteria. The growth and development of crops is fast. The height of seedlings, stems, and colors are very strong. The appearance of seedlings is very obvious.
Fifth, it has the function of resisting pests and diseases. This year is the year of agricultural pests and diseases in Jilin Province. Under the same conditions of diseases and insect pests, the degree of damage after treatment has been relatively reduced, and some have not even occurred. Corn 209 is susceptible to smut when conditions are not suitable. In the demonstration field of Li Shengju of the Second Community of Fragrance Village in Handsome Town, Erdao District, the incidence of control smut was 6%, the incidence rate in the 1.5A treatment area was 2.5%, and there was no smut in the treatment dose of 1.0A. In the summer of 2005, the continuous rainfall in Changchun City caused the occurrence of corn leaf spot, bacterial wilt and stalk rot rather than in the average year. However, in the treated varieties, the incidence decreased by an average of 20%; rice blast decreased by 6.8%. According to the investigation of experimental farms in the Changchun City Variety Breeding Center, the growth of the young seedlings is strong and the disease resistance is increased by about 10%. Due to the reduction of pests and diseases, the application amount of pesticides is greatly reduced, especially for the production of green organic vegetables.
Sixth, it can promote early maturing of crops and advance marketing. After field testing, the fruit of the treated crops matured more than 3 days earlier than the comparison field. In July 2005, the heading of corn in the Jiutai Demonstration Field reached 90% on the July 31st, and only 55% in the control field. It reached 90% of heading on August 2, and rice emerged in full in four days in advance. The beans processed by Weizi Village, the handsome town of Erdao District, and the vegetables processed by Dehui City Bubu Agricultural Park are 4-7 days longer than those of the control field. They can occupy the market first and sell at a good price.
Seventh, improve the quality of the fruit and increase its taste. After testing by the National Grain Testing Center, the treated rice had a good maturity, and the quality was relatively good after processing into rice, and the taste increased by 10%. The appearance of vegetables, etc. is more beautiful than that of the control field; the sweetness of the melon improves, the taste is good, and the market economy is good.
Eighth, it has the effect of increasing production and income. Although this year's Changchun City affected the yield due to unfavorable climatic conditions, the variety processed by the plasma machine generally had different degrees of increase in production compared with the control field. The specific conditions of agricultural crops production were less corn tip, longer bar, increased number of grains per spike, and increased grain maturity. The number of grains of three or four grains increased and the number of pods per plant increased more than 8%. The increase in rice production is reflected in the increase in the number of effective tillers by 3-5, and the increase in effective rice panicles by more than 10%. The variety of vegetables that bloom more, the fruit set rate is high, and the fruit type is beautiful and ripe. Most of the test results show that there are still generally varying degrees of yield increase. The average increase rate of corn is 7.03%, rice is 6%, soybean is 7.5%, and the yield increase effect of various vegetables is more obvious, for example, the increase rate of bean pods reaches 25%. The increase in corn yield in trials and demonstrations at agricultural machinery technology extension service stations in Yushu City reached 9.26%. The yield increase of rice handled by the Jiutai City Agricultural Center reached 9.04%, and the increase rate of soybeans reached 8.95%. The increase in corn yield at the Agricultural Center of Erdao District was also measured. The rate was 9.6%, and the average yield increase of vegetables produced by the Agricultural Bureau of Dehui City was 8%. In accordance with the processing and treatment of a pound of seed charges 0.2-0.3 yuan, the general field crops hectares with seed processing and processing costs is only 15 yuan, while the benefit of increasing production and income can reach 1,000 yuan, input-output ratio of 1:66.
Through two years of experiment and demonstration, the plasma machine seed processing technology is not only a high-tech with high technological content, increased production, etc., but also is a relatively easy to popularize and practical technology, and has been recognized by the majority of agricultural science and technology personnel. The welcome of the broad masses of farmers and the promotion of the market are relatively broad. The role of increasing output and income of agriculture is quite obvious. In particular, the input-output ratio is unmatched by the current promotion and application of agricultural technology. (Plasma Machine Seed Treatment Technology Experimental Demonstration Project Team of Changchun City Agricultural Development Service Center)
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