Bao's polyploid technology

Bao's polyploid breeding technology is a new breeding technology that changes the genetic gene of abalone and preserves and amplifies good traits. In the mid-1980s, Professor Wang Zichen of Dalian Fisheries University changed the condition of the Chinese broodstock after years of declining aquaculture quality and frequent occurrence of diseases. Biological, chemical, physical, and other methods were used to induce polyploidy and success of Bao. At present, the induction rate of abalone triploidy can reach 67%. By 2001, it had produced tens of billions of triploid seedlings, and it has taken the lead in the world to realize the large-scale production of polyploid seedlings. At the same time, the induction rate of abalone tetraploids has reached 50%. Bao's polyploid individuals have the advantages of rapid growth, strong disease resistance, and large individuals, and have obvious effect of increasing production, which is of great value for promotion. The following brief description of the three methods of obtaining polyploidy for the majority of farmers, especially the breeding of abalone breeding reference.
1. Water pressure method Take the fertilized egg of Haliotis discus hannai as an example: after treatment for 7 minutes and 22 minutes after the egg is fertilized with 200 kg/cm2 of hydrostatic pressure for 5 minutes, the first polar body can be inhibited from being released. Triploid and inhibition of the second polar body formed after the release of the triploid, the induction rate of more than 60%. It should be noted that when the pressure is greater than 400 kg/cm2, the deformed rate of the fertilized eggs increases significantly and the induction effect is not good. Therefore, the hydrostatic pressure and the pressurization time should be strictly controlled (the pressure equipment can be purchased by the manufacturer).
The hydraulic method has slight damage to the embryo. The disadvantage is that it requires special pressure equipment and the cost is high.
2. Temperature method with low temperature method: Take Haliotis discus hannai as an example: 12 minutes after fertilization, fertilize the fertilized eggs for 15 minutes at 3°C ​​water temperature to obtain the triploid formed after the release of the first polar body; 32 minutes after fertilization. Soaking fertilized eggs at a water temperature of 3°C for 15 minutes can produce triploids that are formed after the second polar body is released. Triploid induction rate can reach 70% to 80%.
The high-temperature eggs of Haliotis discus hannai were soaked in high-temperature water of 35°C for 7 minutes after fertilization for 3 minutes to obtain a triploid formed by inhibiting the release of the first polar body; 22 minutes after fertilization, it was soaked in high-temperature water of 35°C for 3 minutes. A triploid formed by inhibiting the release of the second polar body can be obtained. The induction rate of the two can reach 50% to 70% and 60% to 80%, respectively.
The use of high or low temperatures can suppress polar body formation. The method has the advantages of simple equipment and low cost, but the fertilized egg is more sensitive to temperature shock, and the survival rate is often low.
3. Cytochalasin B induction method This method is one of the most commonly used methods for the polyploid breeding of marine shellfish, and its induction rate is high, up to 100%.
The disadvantage is that the drug is expensive and direct contact with the body can cause toxic side effects. The suitable temperature of cytochalasin B is related to the water temperature. For Haliotis discus hannai, a suitable concentration at a water temperature of 20°C is 1 mg/l to 2 mg/l. After fertilized eggs are soaked with cytochalasin B, they must be thoroughly washed with a 0.01% dimethyl sulfoxide solution for 30 minutes. The induction rate can reach 60.9% to 81.0%. In addition, fertilized eggs can also be soaked with drugs such as 6-methylaminopurine and caffeine, and polyploids can also be obtained.
In short, breeding production is not simply a repetition of water change and feeding, and it is not a superposition of inputs and outputs. It requires us to grasp every detail in the breeding process and observe, explore, and study it carefully. As long as we grasp the details of production, it will not be difficult for every breeder to do a good job of breeding.

For the treatment of diseases of the Digestive System:

Many symptoms can signal problems with the GI tract, including: abdominal pain, blood in the stool, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, incontinence, nausea and vomiting and difficulty swallowing, according to the NIH.

Among the most widely known diseases of the digestive system is colon cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 51,783 Americans died from colon cancer in 2011 (the most recent year for available data). Excluding skin cancers, colon and rectal cancer, or colorectal cancer, is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society.

Polyp growth and irregular cells, which may or may not be cancerous, are the most common development paths for colorectal cancers (also referred to as CRC), and can be detected during a routine colonoscopy, according to Dr. John Marks, a gastroenterologist affiliated with the Main Line Health health care system.

[The best news is that, if caught early enough, they can also be removed during the colonoscopy - eliminating the possibility that they grow further and become cancer," Marks said.

For those patients whose cancer has already spread, there are various minimally invasive surgical options that have extremely good prognoses. It is recommended that asymptomatic patients without a family history begin getting tested regularly between the ages 45 and 50, according to Marks. [Symptoms which may suggest that you need a colonoscopy at an earlier age include rectal bleeding and stool/bowel habit changes which last for more than a few days."

While CRC gets a great deal of attention, many diseases and conditions of the digestive system - including irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, GERD (acid reflux) and Crohn`s disease - can be chronic and are difficult to diagnose and treat, according to Dr. Larry Good, a gastroenterologist affiliated with South Nassau Communities Hospital. [With many of these diseases, blood work and colonoscopies all looks normal, so there is an absence of red flags."

Many of the diseases of the digestive system are tied to the foods we eat, and a number of sufferers can reduce their symptoms by restricting their diets, Good said. [Of course no one wants to hear that they can`t eat certain foods, but many times, eliminating acidic things from the diet, such as tomatoes, onions, and red wine, can have an impact," Good said.

There are a number of tests to detect digestive tract ailments. A colonoscopy is the examination of the inside of the colon using a long, flexible, fiber-optic viewing instrument called a colonoscope, according the American Gastroenterological Association. Other testing procedures include upper GI endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound.

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