Apple tree shape management must be paid close attention to

The summer orchard management can keep up, which can promote the expansion of apple fruit, and adjust the tree structure in time to achieve ventilation and light transmission. Xu Mingju, an expert member of the Shandong Fruit Innovation Team and director of the Feixian Fruit Research Institute in Shandong Province, suggested that fruit farmers should pay enough attention to summer tree management.

Xu Mingju said that the methods of apple tree management in summer mainly include picking leaves to create injury and promoting branches, opening angle, thinning branches, softening branches, and circumcision. Leaf picking, injury, and branch promotion is a technique that takes measures to accelerate the formation and early fruiting of the branches of the current year. It is often used on newly planted young trees. The main stem extension head of fruit tree seedlings is treated with the technique of "plucking leaves, creating wounds and promoting branches" every 30 cm, 3 times a year, which can ensure the healthy growth of the central stem and branching. The height of the tree can reach 2 to 2.5 meters in the same year. .

In addition, for branches that occurred that year, especially young trees need to be opened at an angle. When the new shoot grows to 20 cm, use a toothpick to open it at 90 degrees. Opening the corner early can open the base corner, which can save a lot of pulling work in the future.

Thinning strong and vigorous branches from May to September can weaken the growth of branch groups, thin out and retract weak perennial branches, and adjust the spatial distribution of branch levels. Therefore, fruit growers should cut off the upright branches, extra-long branches, excessively dense branches in the canopy, and the multi-headed branches, excessively dense branches, and excessively long branches outside the canopy.

Take the branches to soften, have the effect of slowing the growth of the branches and increasing the accumulation of nutrients. For annual or perennial upright branches, take the branches when the branches soften in summer. The specific method is: hold the back of the branches with your hand and the front of the branches with the other hand, slowly and forcefully bend the branches downward, and gradually move from the inside to the outside. It is better to make a slight cracking sound from the xylem. When holding the backbone branches that are not open at a large angle, you must cooperate with both hands and do not use excessive force.

Ring cutting in May and June can promote flower bud formation and early fruiting of young trees. Fruit growers can use circumcision shears to cut a circle at 5-6 cm from the base of the auxiliary branch, reaching the xylem. If the tree grows vigorously, and the fruit is little or no fruit for many years, you can cut 2 to 3 cuts continuously, but it is required that the ring cutting shears must be flat, cut straight, and not cut diagonally. In conjunction with the opening of toothpicks, Xu Mingju suggested that branches be pulled in late July and early August in autumn. For orchards that adopt a high-spindle pattern, branching is more important during this period. The specific method is that the fruit grower can pull the stilted branch of the toothpick to 110-120 degrees after the toothpick is opened.

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