Talking about the main points of cultivation techniques of eggplant open field

Under open field conditions, the eggplants are usually planted in the small arch shed in spring, and seedlings are planted in early March, planted in mid-April, and harvested in batches in mid-June; the average yield per mu is about 3,000 kg, and the average output value per mu is 3147. Yuan and mu were all materialized and invested 1,602 yuan, and the average income per mu was 1,455 yuan. According to the growth habits and environmental conditions, we should grasp the supporting cultivation techniques.

First, growth habits and environmental conditions

1. Temperature: Eggplant is warm and heat-resistant, and its optimum growth temperature is 20-30 °C; when it is lower than 15-17 °C, growth and development are hindered, and the flower falls seriously; when it is lower than 20 °C, its fertilization and fruit development are poor; When the temperature is lower than 13 °C, the growth basically stops; when it is 0 to 1 °C, freezing damage occurs; when it is above 35 °C, the flower organ growth disorder occurs.

2. Illumination: Eggplant is light, and the requirements for the length and intensity of sunshine are high. Under long daylight, the growth is strong, especially in the seedling stage; the sunshine is prolonged, the flower buds are differentiated quickly, and the flowering is early; the light compensation point of eggplant is 2000 lux, the saturation point is 40,000 lux; the light is insufficient, the seedling is poorly developed, the long column flower is reduced, the yield is reduced. Falling, the fruit is not well colored.

3. Moisture: Eggplant is like water and fear of cockroaches. Because of its luxuriant foliage and large transpiration, it requires more water. During the growth period, it is suitable to hold 80% of soil water and 70%-80% of relative humidity. The humidity is too high. The disease is aggravated; especially the soil water, it is easy to cause dead roots; the eggplant roots are developed, more drought-tolerant; before the fruit, proper control of water, multiple cultivating, can promote root development, prevent seedlings from growing, and facilitate flower bud differentiation and Fruit.

4. Soil nutrients: eggplant hi-fertilizer, suitable for growth in loam or sandy loam soil rich in organic matter and water retention and fertility; more salt and alkali resistant, growth in the range of pH 6.8 ~ 7.3; eggplant hi fat, per production 1000 kg of fruit, need nitrogen 3 ~ 4.3 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 0.7 ~ 1 kg, need potassium oxide 4 ~ 6.6 kg; sensitive to calcium and magnesium fertilizer, if the soil is deficient in magnesium, its veins turn yellow and chlorotic The soil is deficient in calcium, and the reticular veins of the leaves become brown and rust symptoms appear.

Second, supporting cultivation techniques

(1) Choosing excellent varieties

Spring-planted eggplants should be selected from varieties with strong disease resistance, high yield and strong growth. Such as the black dragon king long eggplant, big dragon long eggplant.

1. Black Dragon King long eggplant: sorghum long eggplant type, very early maturing, strong growth potential; strong disease resistance, strong resistance to various diseases occurring under low temperature and humidity conditions, suitable for open field cultivation; plant height 80 Cm, the degree of development is 70-80 cm; the leaves are small, the leaves are dark green with purple halo; the sixth to seventh sections are on the stems, the fruit is long stick-shaped, straight and thick, the fruit length is 30-35 cm, the transverse diameter is 3.5 ~ 4 cm, the average fruit weight is 200 ~ 250 g; the peel is purple and shiny, the peel is thin, the seed is small; under low temperature conditions, the production potential is strong, almost no deformed fruit; the flesh has good taste, white green and tender, not easy to aging, commercial Excellent; many branches, high yields in the early and late stages, the yield potential per mu is 4000-4500 kg.

2. Dalong long eggplant: early-growing variety, plant type half open, medium leaf size, slightly thin stem, strong branches; high yield, high resistance to Verticillium wilt; fruit long, slender, fruit length 23 ~ 45cm The fruit is purple-black and has good luster; the flesh is tender and of good quality; the heat-resistant, stone-like eggplant and other malformed fruits have a low incidence rate and high commodity rate; the early yield is high, with a yield potential of 3,500 to 4,500 kg per mu.

(2) Cultivating age-appropriate seedlings

1. Preparation of seedbed: selected leeward sun, flat terrain, easy to irrigate, deep and fertile soil, good permeability, light salt and alkali, no peony fruit vegetables in front, no fertile land or garden free of high organic matter content Ground, digging a seedbed 10 meters in length, 1.2-1.5 meters in width and 15 cm in depth to facilitate seedling, ventilation, and keep the bed surface flat.

2. Preparation of nutrient soil: Due to the high seeding density of seedlings, the total amount of water and minerals absorbed from the bed soil per unit area is relatively large, the roots are dense, and the respiratory requirements for oxygen are strict, so the nutrient soil of the seed bed must be breathable. Good sex, containing all kinds of nutrients needed for seedling growth. Generally take 6 parts of fertile garden land without pathogens, 4 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, add 2 kg of diammonium phosphate per cubic meter, mix thoroughly, crush, sift, stir, and pile into bed soil.

3. Nutrient soil decoration: the nutrient soil to be prepared, according to the upper Panasonic, the soil surface is 2 cm from the upper mouth of the nutrient bowl, and it can be filled to eighty-nine percent; the body of the nutrient soil is filled, Closely and neatly placed in the seedbed for broadcasting. In actual production, many farmers are too nutritious, spend a lot of money, occupy a lot of land, and spend a lot of money. Instead, they use small nutrients to raise seedlings, resulting in small seedlings, less roots, and weaker growth. Requirements, which affect production and time to market.

4. Seed treatment

1 Sun-breeding: Select the sun for 2 days before sowing to increase the germination potential and germination rate.

2 soaking seeds and disinfection: eggplant seeds can be soaked in warm soup, can also be treated with chemicals to achieve the purpose of disinfection. The method is such that the seeds are placed in 55 ° C water and stirred continuously until they are lowered to room temperature, or treated with potassium permanganate 1000 times for 15 to 20 minutes; then, soaking with water for 5 to 6 hours. During the soaking process, it is required to continuously wash the seeds and remove the mucus to accelerate water absorption and breathing and promote germination.

3 germination: After soaking the seeds, remove the seeds from the water, spread them for 10-20 minutes, disperse the surface moisture of the seeds, and wrap them with clean wet cloth, germination at 27~30 °C; during the germination, use the warm water at 30 °C every day. Wash 1 or 2 times, continue to germination after a little drying, when about 70% of the seeds are broken and white, you can sow. Note that the buds should not be too long, should be less than 0.5 mm to avoid buds or water buds during sowing.

5. Seeding

1 Sowing date: The cultivation of eggplant seedlings is carried out in a small arch shed. Generally, seedlings are raised in early March, and the lowest temperature in the shed can be sown when it passes through 15 °C.

2 Sowing amount: 50 grams of dry seeds are planted per acre, and seeds are prepared.

3 Seeding methods and technical requirements: According to the requirements of one seed per stalk, the seeds that are white-budded will be artificially spotted in the center of each nutrient bowl, lightly pressed, and the seeds will be placed on the soil on three sides; The soil is covered on the seed and covered with soil thickness of 1 to 1.5 cm to prevent the occurrence of squatting. Immediately after sowing, use a 2 m long willow bar, 80 cm apart, set up an arch frame, and adopt a small water shallow irrigation method. Infiltrating the nutrient bauxite from bottom to top 3/4; after the seedbed water naturally infiltrates, the film is shed, warmed and moisturized, and the “wearing cap” is unearthed.

6. Nursery management

1 Temperature control: one week after sowing is the closed heat preservation stage, try to increase the temperature of the seedbed. The temperature of the seedbed is controlled at 25~28°C during the day and 16~20°C at night to accelerate the emergence of seedlings. After emergence, prevent the seedlings from growing and preventing the disease. Occur, through small ventilation, reduce the ambient temperature and humidity, strengthen the refining, generally control at 20 ~ 25 ° C during the day, 15 ~ 18 ° C at night; with the increase in temperature, increase the vent, prolong the gout time, Increase the amount of ventilation, the daytime boron temperature is controlled between 15 and 20 °C, and the nighttime control is around 15 °C; 15 days before planting, the film should be fully uncovered, day and night ventilation, so that the eggplant seedlings gradually adapt to the external environment.

2 Humidity control: Eggplant is easy to be unearthed at the emergence stage. The sprayer can be used to spray the seed shell in the evening, so that the seedlings can be uncapped at night. It is also possible to evenly spread a layer of moist and fine soil when the seed is arched, not only to prevent the cap from being unearthed, but also to prevent the air leakage caused by the emergence of the arched soil; when the eggplant seedlings have no dew in the morning and evening, the surface is white and cracks appear, showing the drought It is necessary to replenish water in time to prevent drought.

7. Strong seedling index: seedling age 50 ~ 55 days, true leaves number 7 ~ 8 pieces, seedling height 18 ~ 20 cm, average internode length 2 cm or so, stem base thick 0.3 cm or more, door eggplant flowers bud, leaves It is dark green and has no pests and diseases.

(3) Planting field management

1. Planting field fertilization and land preparation

1 Fertilization and land preparation: Before the preparation of the land, 3000 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 50 kg of NPK compound fertilizer will be applied per mu, as the base fertilizer; after fertilization, the ploughing operation will be carried out in time to ensure the depth of the plowing is 30 cm and the depth of the plow is 15 cm. The requirements are deep and thorough, leaving no dead ends, ensuring that the quality of the land preparation meets the standard of “Qi, Ping, Sui, Broken, Net, and Translucent”; then, the width of the ridge is 80 cm, the bottom of the ditch is 30 cm, and the height of the ridge is 20 cm. , lay a good ditch.

2 Sterilization of eggplant: Before planting, spray the eggplant with 50% carbendazim solution 500 times to disinfect and sterilize.

2 Colonization: When the average minimum temperature of the day is stable through 15 °C, generally in the middle and late April, according to the (50 cm + 70 cm) × 45 cm planting mode, timely planting. Before planting, first press the membrane 50cm, the hole distance is 45cm, the depth of the hole is 12cm, and lay the wells, then remove the seedlings from the nutrient, put them in the hole, and then water the plants while waiting for the water. After the rest, the soil is sealed and sealed; two rows are planted in each ridge, and a single plant is planted in the hole, and the planting density per acre is 2469.

2. Check seedlings and seedlings: After planting, observe whether the seedlings have wilting or dead seedlings; if they exist, replace them in time.

3. Pouring seedling water: After planting for 3 days, pour a slow seedling water to keep the soil moist and avoid drought affecting eggplant growth.

4. Zhongneng strong seedling: slow seedling period, timely cultivating and raking 2 to 3 times to promote the roots of eggplant seedlings to breathe and grow vigorously.

5. Pruning and leafing: The growth of eggplant should control vegetative growth in the early stage of growth and promote its early flowering early results. After the seedlings grow to 50 cm high, the bottom leaves should be cut off one after another to improve the ventilation and light transmission effect in the field; after forming the stalks, the two outward side branches are cut off, leaving only the two upper main poles; waiting for the first Seven fruits were formed and topped to promote early fruit ripening.

6. Fertilizer management in growing season: The root system of eggplant is relatively deep, and fertilization should be based on deep fertilization; ensuring plant robustness is conducive to deep growth of roots, improving drought resistance, and absorbing deep nutrients and water. In the targeted management of water and fertilizer, the results should be based on water control seedlings in the early stage; the eggplants begin to expand, and the skin can be finished after the skin is shiny, and the fertilization can be properly fertilized; the nutrient demand of the eggplant enters the flowering and fruiting period, and the nutrition grows to the reproduction. Growth transition, this period should control vegetative growth, control nitrogen fertilizer application, promote flowering results; fruit expansion period to peony harvesting period, combined with field sensation, irrigation 1 or 2 times, while chasing diammonium phosphate 10 ~ per acre 15 kg, timely cultivating after irrigation.

7. Pest control

1 pest control: The main pests of eggplant during the whole growth period are red spiders and aphids.

To prevent red spiders, keep the soil moist and avoid excessive drought; remove litter and weeds in time to reduce the source of insects; chemical control should focus on control points, choose 73% acetylene or 73% gram The emulsifiable milk 2000~3000 times liquid spray prevention and control, pay attention to the spray head up, spray the liquid on the back of the leaf, and evenly spread the medicine on the whole plant. To control aphids, we must do a timely treatment of the residual leaves in the field, eradicate weeds; chemical control, can use 50% anti-Poly 2000 times liquid or enemy kill 1500 times liquid, etc., spray once every 7 days, Spray 2 times.

2 Disease prevention and control: The main diseases of eggplant during the whole growth period are Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt.

Eggplant verticillium is mainly caused by soil transmission. During the fruit setting period, there will be obvious symptoms and development from the top to the top. At the beginning of the disease, 50% methyl thiophanate WP 500 times solution can be selected. Rooting treatment, each plant maintains 0.25kg of liquid medicine use, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and continuously irrigate 2-3 times. Eggplant wilt disease, the initial stage of the disease can be selected to use 50% carbendazim WP or 36% thiophanate-methyl suspension 500 times spray spray control; also available 10% double-effect spirits or 12.5% ​​synergistic carbendazim The solvent can be irrigated with 200 times of liquid, and 100 ml of the liquid medicine per plant is infused, once every 7 to 10 days, and continuously irrigated 3 to 4 times.

8. Timely harvest: When the eggplant is fully inflated, colored, and bright, it is necessary to pick it in time to prevent the elder from becoming a stone eggplant and losing its commercial character.

The above is the whole content of eggplant open field cultivation technology, if you also want to find cultivation techniques in this area, you can come to Huinong.com to learn more!

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