Summer Farm Production Management

In summer, the temperature is high and the duration is long. The sow's summer production problem is particularly prominent. The sow's feeding and management is an important part of the farm's production, and it is directly related to the development and benefits of the farm. Here we discuss this issue with the breeding management of breeding pigs in summer.

1 kind of pig cooling sunstroke


1.1 Suitable temperature and heat dissipation method for pigs

1.1.1 Pigs' requirements on temperature: The basal metabolism of pigs is the lowest at 25°C; the optimum temperature is 17~25°C; the growth rate of pigs is the fastest at 17°C~30°C; the feed ratio is the lowest; 75kg weight The pigs did not gain weight by eating 1.5kg of feed at 25°C. The optimum temperature for sows is 22-25°C for pregnant sows, 15°C for sows, and 28°C for piglets. Hog is 17-25 °C.

1.1.2 Heat Dissipation: Swine sweat glands are undeveloped and do not emit heat through sweating. Rely mainly on exhalation, nasal evaporation of water, stretching the body to the ground and other limited heat. And reduce heat gain by eating less and less.
1.2 Realization of Heat Stress in Pigs

When the pigs were exposed to heat stress, they showed decreased appetite, decreased digestive capacity, decreased synthetic protein, and decreased body weight. The boar also showed decreased libido and reduced sperm count. At the same time, the breeding rate of sows decreased, the number of returning events increased, and a miscarriage, premature birth, prolonged postpartum inflammation of sows increased, lactation sow lactation decreased, seriously affecting the feeding of piglets. Most afraid of heat is more than 60kg of pigs, and pigs under 15kg are considered not afraid of heat.

1.3 Heatstroke cooling

1.3.1 Plant afforestation to improve the microclimate of the site: Increase the greening area on the ground of the farm and reduce the proportion of the cement floor to reduce the ground temperature. The dense foliage can effectively block the direct sunlight, absorb the heat through the leaves' evaporating water, and at the same time its photosynthesis can also purify the air, thus changing the small environment of the farm.


1.3.2 Improve the environment of the pig house: Reduce the temperature of the pig house by changing the roof design of the pig house. The roof is insulated with heat-absorbing grass or special materials. Some roofs can be coated with reflective paint, which can reduce heat absorption. . The installation of flushing equipment on the roof can be immediately reduced by 2 to 3°C at room temperature. Extend the width of the roof or add shading equipment to avoid direct sunlight (houses should be oriented east to west). Adding cooling equipment in the pig house, installing ventilation equipment and timely maintenance, effective ventilation can reduce the temperature, so that sows feel cool and reduce gasping, sows (especially overheating heatstroke sows) can effectively blow their nose Reduce heat stress.

The installation of a spray system or water curtain can also immediately reduce the temperature inside, but high temperatures and high humidity should be avoided. At the same time, ventilation must be strengthened, because of the higher temperature and humidity. When the sow is showering, it can spray water for 3 to 5 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes. The sow uses neck drops to cool the sow. The cooling of the neck is best controlled automatically. Drops 0.5 to 1 every 15 minutes. In minutes, you can save water and achieve a satisfactory cooling effect. Increase the number of drinking fountains and the amount of water supply to ensure sufficient water supply. A sufficient amount of water can promote the appetite of sows, and add 0.1% to 0.2% of artificial salt or electrolyte in their drinking water to regulate electrolytes in sows. Balance reduces the occurrence of heat stress. However, while sows are being cooled, piglets must be protected from high humidity and thieves.




2 Improvement Management
2.1 Appropriately control the breeding time and reasonably arrange production

The breeding time should be properly controlled and the production should be reasonably arranged to avoid or reduce the number of farrowing sows in the hot season. For high bed farrowing, it is necessary to grasp the changes according to the weather and temperature changes. When the temperature is calm and cool, go to bed about one week before the sow is born, and try to reduce the stress.
2.2 Changing Feeding Methods

For the pigs with higher stocking density, the density should be reduced to avoid crowding, and at the same time the disturbance and stimulation to the sow should be reduced to reduce the stress. Adjust the feeding time, feed in the early morning and evening cool, and ensure that the feed is fresh and palatable. It is also recommended to feed sows with wet mix.
2.3 Special care emergency sows

For postpartum sows who do not have appetite, they should, on the one hand, be fed with green feed and piglets properly. On the other hand, we should isolate the sows, wash the pighouses, keep the sows cool, and if necessary, have more heat stroke and heat stress. Pigs can be enema to lower body temperature. At the same time, heat stress is reduced by subcutaneously dripping and blowing on the nose.



3 Improve nutrition


In the hot summer season, the dry powder should be fed instead of wet mix, but due to the fact that the wet mix can be easily fermented (generally about 4 hours), it should be used with and with sufficient water supply. At the same time, because the feed intake of sows in the summer is generally declining, it is necessary to carefully prepare feed for them to improve the palatability and nutritional level of feeds and reduce their heat value (such as the use of oils and fats and full-fat soybean powder, etc., which can effectively increase the nutrient energy concentration. Reduce heat gain, add heat stress additives to feed to improve nutrition.




4 Strengthen sow management to prevent delivery and postpartum diseases

All kinds of vaccines are injected in strict accordance with the immunization procedures and records are made to ensure the quality and injection of various vaccines and to play a role. The sows should gradually reduce their weight two days before farrowing, and they can basically do not feed on the day of farrowing. Only the right amount of bran water can be fed, and the feeding is gradually increased after birth. According to the amount of breast milk and the amount of feed to determine the amount of feed, both to ensure that the piglets have enough breast milk, but also to avoid excessive accumulation of breast milk in the breast.
A sow in prepartum raises the disease resistance of the piglets: before sowing, the sows are injected subcutaneously with ve1000iu or 5mg selenium (sodium selenite in sterile saline).


A postpartum prevention of postpartum disease in sows: 10 ml of aminopyrine, 1.6 million units of penicillin, and 1 million units of streptomycin. Fully mixed, the sow injected intramuscularly within 8 hours postpartum, and the double resistance was continued. Inject for two days. Or use long-acting oxytetracycline to prevent postpartum diseases.

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