Pear Tree Anniversary Non-pollution Management Technology
Pears have a long history of cultivation in China and there are no less than a thousand varieties of cultivated varieties. Pear is native to Europe and the only native species is Pear. There is a characteristic of pear tree, that is, most varieties of different varieties of pollination can produce high-yield, so the orchard must be planted several different varieties of pear as a pollination tree, from July to October each year is the pear's rich period.
Common diseases of pear trees
I. Pear rot disease: It mainly damages the bark of the main branches and lateral branches, causing rot. There are two kinds of symptoms: ulcer type and branch dry type. In severe cases, a large number of dead branches appear until they die.
Prevention and control measures: To strengthen orchard management, control the amount of fruit set, improve the resistance of the tree, and breed resistant varieties. Cut off the diseased branches in time, scrape off the disease, burn them in a concentrated manner, and apply a 30 to 60-fold solution of General Hushu 100 times solution or Formamide As wettable powder. Pear trees sprout before spraying 40% methine WP 100 times or Baume 5 degrees lime sulfur.
Second, Pear black spot disease: The disease is a common occurrence of pear trees, mainly harm the fruits, leaves and shoots. The average temperature from 13 °C to 15 °C began to appear in the leaf spot, the most serious disease from May to June. The fruit usually began to develop in early May, cracked and fell off in mid-June, and was the most fruitful in late July.
Prevention measures: Strengthen cultivation management, increase organic fertilizer, and avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer application. Combined with winter pruning, the dead branches, fallen leaves and diseased fruits in the garden are cleared and buried deeply. Before the germination orchard of the tree, spray a new high-fat film 800 times liquid plus 5Be lime sulfur mixture, after spraying, spray 200 times the lime times Bordeaux mixture, or 800 times the new high-fat film, TB600 special wettable powder 600 To 800 times liquid. The use of the above-mentioned agents alternately with Bordeaux fluid can improve control efficiency and reduce costs.
Third, P. sinensis caterpillar: It is the main leaf-eating pest of pear trees. It damages flower buds, flower buds and leaves with larvae. It can occur twice a year. Generally, it is controlled once each month from March to April and from August to September. When the overwintering larvae emerged, the control period was appropriate, that is, the pear flower buds appeared white to the inflorescence separation period.
Commonly used pharmaceuticals include: 50% parathion-emulsion emulsion 1500 times, 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times, 50% astragalus emulsion 1000 times, 50% malathion emulsion 1000 times, 50% dichlorvos 1000 Times of liquid and 20% fentan ester emulsion 3000 times.
Fourth, pear real peak (commonly known as flower drill, white diamond insects): only harm pear trees. The adults spawned inside the calyx, and the larvae initially circling the calyx in the base of the calyx. After the victim became dark, they fell into the fruit heart, causing the young fruit to dry off. The larvae crawled out of the fruit before they fell and turned to other young fruit. The worm produces one generation a year, and the old mature larvae do the wintering in the earth. Adults emerged from late April to early May and spawned. During the period from the inflorescence of the pear tree to the time when the petals were left to stand, the larvae of the larvae died in mid-May.
Prevention and control measures: Adult dead fecundity can be used, cloths can be placed under the canopy, shake off adult worms to kill, or artificial fruit and fruity worms can be removed during the spawning period. 10-15 days before the pear flower, when the adults emerged, the ground was sprayed with 25% parathion 300-fold, 25% phoxim 300-fold, or 40.7% Loebe-ben EC 600-fold, focusing on the trunk The week is within 1 meter.
Pear tree monthly management technical points
November to March
1. Cleaning up the leaves: In November, the whole park was cleaned and the fallen leaves, diseases and insects, and dry branches were cleaned and burned.
2, irrigated frozen water: In mid-November on the end of freezing before irrigation, thoroughly.
3. Winter pruning: from December to February. After determining the tree shape according to the planting density, the saplings are shaped as a whole tree. Under the premise of a good tree shape and maintaining a strong tree vigor, the use of supplementary branches to put flowers into bloom will achieve early high yields. The result tree should be carefully trimmed and the results should be retracted and rejuvenated in a timely manner to achieve a stable and stable production under the premise of maintaining the full potential of the tree.
4. Scrape the bark: After the winter cut, scrape the main trunk and the old main branch of the skin. If there is rot disease, apply General 1000x fluid or General Fussard arsenic 40 times fluid after scraping.
5. Soil management: In the middle of March, the water and soil conservation facilities will be renovated, and irrigation facilities will allow the orchards to be repaired.
6. Top-dressing irrigation: The annual fertilization amount of pear trees can be calculated according to the average annual output. The application of pure nitrogen is approximately 200-250 grams per 50 kilograms of fruit, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4:1. In the autumn of last year, basal fertilizer has been applied for 2/3 of the annual topdressing amount. To the end of base fertilizer or the end of the base fertilizer mixed with phosphorus fertilizer tree, this period will be a one-time application of phosphate fertilizer. Apply fertilizer after fertilization, and then protect the crop.
7. Spraying: Once the whole garden is sprayed with lime sulfur, the pear borer is a more serious orchard, and attention is paid to the spraying prevention during the period of the insect's germination.
April
1. Irrigation and anti-freezing damage: The orchards prone to frost in the flowering period of pear trees are irrigated once in the near flowering stage to delay flowering and avoid frost damage.
2, spraying. When the flower buds of pears sprouted, they sprayed 1000 times 1605 plus 2000 times omethoate 20% quickly killed 4,000 times, or 25% deltamethrin 5,000 times, respectively, to control pear bifurcated buds, pears, star caterpillars, pear wood Oh, wait.
3, cut pear stem bees as the tip. 4. Plant and replant saplings at the time of Qingming in early April, and dry and wipe the buds.
5, dryland orchards covered with straw.
6. Artificial pollination should be carried out when the pollinator tree is insufficient or the climate is poor during the flowering period. For a flower, the fruit set rate of pollination within 3 days after flowering is up to 80%. In the early stage of flowering (25% flowering), it is transferred to a large area for the purpose of pollination in 3-4 days. The end of the 6 days, the late opening flowers.
7, spraying boron to increase fruit setting rate.
May
1, spraying. Pears and flowers after spraying 3,000 times the amount of grams of special plus 2000 times faster killing Ding or 1500 times 1605 plus 800 times the amount of water amine phosphatidyl phosphate plus 1500 times dimethoate to prevent pear wood lice, pear lice and other pests.
2. Combine spraying with 0.3% urea to promote growth.
3. Continue to prevent large pears, remove P. elegans fruit, and remove the fruit drop caused by the weevil damage under the tree.
4, thinning fruit. When the load per plant is too large, the fruits and vegetables are carried out, and the fruits and vegetables are removed after the young fruit is removed without flowering, and after the physiological fruit drop. Leave lobule, leave 1-2 for large fruits (mainly 1), and leave 2-3 small fruits. Fruits and vegetables can refer to the branch fruit or leaf-fruit ratio indicators of the variety, and increase or decrease according to the condition of the tree vigor.
5, top dressing irrigation. In late May, one-third to two-thirds of nitrogen fertilizers will be applied throughout the year. If plant ash should be applied separately from nitrogen fertilizer. After top dressing, irrigation, loose soil and weeding. From the end of May, about every 15 days, the leaves were sprayed with 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three times in a row, and they could also be sprayed with pesticides.
June to August
1, spraying: wheat before the harvest to prevent disease and spider mites can be sprayed twice the amount of Bordeaux mixture Ganisolang 2000 times, such as other pests seriously sprayed carbendazim 600 times plus pesticides. After the harvest, it was decided whether or not to fight drugs based on the situation of the insects.
2, weeding cover: In the rainy season can be cut off the tree plate grass, covered in situ.
3, spray: in late July to prevent disease and spider mites, pear orchard can spray lime multi-type Bordeaux liquid Ganisaolang 2000 times, to prevent disease and pear small moth-eaten, pear orchard can be sprayed 800 times 50% The euglena plus 3000 kills the enemy. In mid-August, sprayed sea 1500 times liquid plus chrysanthemum cream 2000 times solution, in late August late-maturing varieties, once again spray 1000 times phoxim or kill sputum, focusing on fruit spray, anti-little pests.
4. To tie the grass to attract insects: In the middle and late August, tie grasses on the upper part of the trunk to trap the pear borer, and before the leaves fall, disintegrate the grass and burn it down.
September to October
1. Harvest: From late August, the fruits mature and begin to harvest.
2, Shi Ji Fei: After harvesting before the leaves. Apply 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer per kilogram of fruit and 1 kg of superphosphate per 50 kg of organic fertilizer. When chicken manure is applied, the quantity can be reduced. Apply water after application.
3, continue to cure rot disease, wipe the nurse general 1000 times liquid.
Simple storage of pears
When the pear is ripe, it should be picked in a timely manner, otherwise fruit drop, rotten fruit, and fruit cracking will not result in a bumper harvest. However, it can not be sold for a moment after picking, and there is no fixed warehouse for storage. This way, simple storage methods can be adopted, which can not only extend the time for sale, but also achieve the effect of freshness preservation. Here are some simple methods for storing pears.
First, the crypt storage method. Choose a place where the groundwater level is low, ventilation is good and drainage is smooth. Generally about 1 meter deep, 2.4 meters wide, 4-6 meters long (according to the amount of storage and the length of the place may be) crypt, placed on both sides of fruit, leaving a 40 cm wide walkway in the middle (also can be arranged Air channel), covered with reeds or grasshoppers to prevent wind shading.
Second, packing storage method. In a ventilated sunny room, plastic crates or wooden boxes are used for fruit packing. Stagger the code racks in layers. Each floor should be covered with wooden strips to avoid crushing the fruits. Generally can be placed 4 high, indoor temperature should be controlled at 4-8 °C, relative humidity is maintained at 60-80%. If the room is dry, place a water tank, a water basin, or use a sprayer to spray clean water to the fruit or the ground.
Third, the sand storage method. A layer of wet sand soil is laid on the ground, and 1 layer of fruit is placed on top, and 1 layer of sand is then scattered. This way, it is placed repeatedly and can generally be placed at a height of 40 cm. Then cover it tightly with plastic film to prevent fruit from deteriorating.
Fourth, plastic bags storage method. Choose a high-quality plastic film bag with good texture, put the pear or apple into the bag, and then tie it in a ventilated and sunny room. The temperature should be controlled at about 4-8°C. The fruit bag should stand upright and must not be placed horizontally. Place it to avoid crushing damaged fruits.
Fifth, brick pool storage method. Bricks are used to build a long brick pool with a height of 50 cm, a width of 1 meter and a length of 2-3 meters (according to the indoor space), and then the fruit is laid out layer by layer. Generally, the height can be placed in the pool. Must not exceed 40 cm. In the initial stage of storage, grasshoppers or thick paper can be used to cover the pool mouth, but do not cover it too tightly so that it can dissipate hot air in the pool. With the decrease of the weather temperature, it is necessary to gradually cover the pool mouth, and the temperature in the pool should be controlled at 4-8°C. Check once every 8-10 days to remove rotten fruit. When checking, avoid the effects of cold wind, smoke, high temperature and other adverse conditions.
Regardless of which of the above methods is used for storage, it is first necessary to do a good job in the quality of pears and apples before picking and the disinfection of pharmaceuticals. Only in this way can the effects of storage and freshness be increased. (China Plant Protection Network: Li Ruifeng)
Crepe Machine,Crepe Making Machine,Crepe Cake Machine,Electric Crepe Maker
Guangzhou New Power Catering Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Ltd , https://www.gznewpower.com