Summary of plant disease basics, teaches you how to distinguish 21 types of diseases
In the process of plant growth, various diseases, such as fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and viral diseases, are often encountered, and these diseases can be subdivided into different types. The following is a summary of the basic knowledge of plant diseases compiled by Hui Nong. I hope to help you.
First, fungal diseases
Fungal diseases are the most common diseases in known diseases, with many types of symptoms appearing in various parts of plants.
1. Common types of fungal disease symptoms are:
White powder
The flowers, fruits, leaves and twigs are covered with white powder, and in the later stage, scattered particles with large needles appear on the white powder, and the particles turn from white to yellow and finally turn black. This type of disease is known as powdery mildew.
2. Coal pollution
Covering the surface of leaves, branches and fruits with a layer of soot, it is easy to wipe off by hand. Often referred to as coal pollution. This disease is usually closely related to aphids, hibiscus, and aphids.
3. Rust powder
Leaves, fruits, branches, and stems appear as scorpion, strips, hairy or felt-like protrusions, often ruptured later, emitting light yellow, orange, rust brown or black powder, often called rust.
4. Downy mildew
For the damage of leaves, fruits and twigs, the leaves are most obvious, forming a gray-white frost on the back of the leaves, frosty or thin or dense, and the front of the leaves is often yellow with no obvious edges, often called downy mildew.
5. White 绢
It usually harms the leaves, stems and roots of the soil near the soil. When the environment is wet, it produces white silky hyphae. Later, it produces rapeseed-sized sclerotia. The sclerotium gradually turns yellow and brown, which is often called white rickets.
6. Spot
Symptoms of local tissue on flowers, fruits, and leaves after death. According to the shape, color, and size of the lesion, the name is round, horn, gray, brown, black, round, dead, and so on.
7. Anthrax
Similar to spots, but the color is often dark brown. There are round black spots on the lesions. When wet, black spots appear pink gelatinous mucus, which is a unique symptom of anthrax.
8. Malformation
The plant victimized part becomes larger or smaller, grows unevenly, and loses its original shape. A disease occurs in the affected area later.
9. Ulcer
It occurs in the cortex of the branches. The shape of the lesions is round, nearly round, and long. Usually, the lesions are slightly raised around the central area, and the central tissue is dead, sunken and chapped. Small black spots or discs are often produced in the later stages.
10. Decay
Occurred in the branches of the shrubs or the xylem of the roots, causing the xylem to deteriorate, discolor, and decay. The trunk is hollowed out due to decay of the xylem, and the branches are easily broken by strong winds.
11. Rotten
It is often divided into wet rot and dry rot. The succulent part is destroyed and the wet rot or soft rot is low. The water content of the plant tissue is soft and hard.
12. Tripping over
The rot of the roots and necks of the seedlings caused the plants to fall down, and the aboveground part remained in a normal state, called tripping. If the roots of the seedlings are lignified, the neck will not fall after the decay, and the leaves on the ground will dry up, which is called the dryness.
2, fungal disease characteristics:
1. There must be lesions present in all parts of the plant. The shape of the lesion is round, elliptical, polygonal, wheel-shaped or amorphous.
2. There must be mildew or powder of different colors on the lesions. The colors are white, black, red, gray, brown and so on. For example, cucumber powdery mildew, white powder appears on the lesions on the leaves. In addition, like melons and tomato gray mold, gray molds appear on the damaged leaves, residual flowers and fruits.
Second, bacterial diseases
Bacterial diseases usually cause death of cells or tissues after contact with host cells, and then absorb nutrients from necrotic cells or tissues. The resulting symptoms are tissue necrosis, decay and withering, and a few can cause tumors. Caused by hormones.
1. The types of common diseases of bacterial diseases are:
Spot type
It usually occurs on the leaves and shoots. The lesions on the leaves are often formed by the angular veins formed by the veins. The bacteria damage the parenchyma of the plants and cause local acute necrosis.
2. Leaf type
Most of them are caused by infection by Xanthomonas. After the plants are infected, the leaves eventually wither.
3. Green type
In general, P. aeruginosa infects plant vascular bundles, blocking the transport pathway, causing the stems and leaves of plants to wither.
4. Ulcer type
Generally, it is caused by infection of plants by Xanthomonas. In the later stage, the lesions are corked, the edges are raised, and the central depression is ulcerated.
5. Decay type
The succulent tissue of a plant usually exhibits the symptoms of decay after being infected by the cells. The bacteria produce the original viscose enzyme, which decomposes the middle layer of the cell, disintegrates the tissue, and flows out of the juice with an odor.
6. Nodule type
The roots, root or lateral roots of the plant, and the tissue on the branches are overgrowth, forming a deformity, a tumor-like shape or a fibrous root.
2. Characteristics of bacterial diseases:
1. Leaf lesions are free of mold or powder. Long non-long hair is an important difference between fungal diseases and bacterial diseases. For example, cucumber bacterial angular spot disease and similar symptoms of downy mildew, the leaves have polygonal lesions, which are easy to be confused. There is black mold on the lesions when wet, but not on the spot.
2. The roots rot appear mucus and smell. Odor is an important feature of bacterial diseases, such as Chinese cabbage soft rot.
3. Fruit ulcers or sores, with small protrusions on the fruit surface. For example, tomato ulcer disease, chili sore rickets.
4. The roots are dry and the root vascular bundle turns brown. For example, pepper bacterial wilt.
Third, viral diseases
A disease caused by a virus infecting a plant is called a viral disease. Viral diseases are mainly transmitted by insects such as aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies, and can also be transmitted through contact with juices of diseased plants.
1. Common types of symptoms of viral diseases are:
The external symptoms of plant viral diseases mainly include discoloration, necrosis and malformation.
Discoloration
Discoloration is the most common symptom of plant viral diseases. In the discoloration, the leaves and yellowing are the most. Discoloration is mainly caused by inhibition of chlorophyll development due to virus infiltration.
2. Necrosis
Necrosis is the death of certain tissues or organs of the host caused by virus infiltration, such as the formation of various necrotic spots and ring spots on the leaves. In addition, the virus can sometimes cause whole-line necrosis.
3. Malformation
After the virus infects the host, it causes curling, shrinking leaves, wrinkles, atrophy, clumps, cancer, clustering, dwarfing, shrinking and other various types of malformations.
2, viral disease characteristics:
After the virus infects the host, it will inhibit the photosynthesis of the plant, causing the plant to grow difficult, causing symptoms such as deformity and yellowing, which can cause plant death.
The above is the summary of the basic knowledge of plant diseases compiled by Huinong. No matter what kind of crops are planted, farmers should be cautious of these three diseases and 21 types of diseases. When the plants are found to be diseased, they can also follow the above. Quickly determine what type of disease is being treated in time. Ok, today's content is here, I hope to help you.
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