Study on Pond Aquaculture Technology of Saddle-spotted Grouper
Abstract : A 3,990 tail-spotted grouper fish fry were purchased from Taiwan and cultured in a 5 acre pond. A total of 3200 g were harvested for 326 days in aquaculture. The number of harvested individuals was 1675. The survival rate was 42%; the yield was 1842.5°, and the production value was 301,500. Yuan, the profit of 156,240 yuan is significant, indicating that the grouper can be farmed in the pond, and the growth rate is fast, and the disease resistance and adaptability are strong. Key Words: saddle-belly, grouper, pond benefit, epinephelus Lanceoletus, Taiwan is called grouper, and it is commonly known as gentian or apical grouper. Is a genus-shaped head, fish Branch Grouper subfamily, grouper genus. The main producing areas are in Southeast Asia and Australia, and there are also found in Guangdong, Hainan and Taiwan. It is a warm-water fish and enjoys habitats in coral reefs, rock caves, and gravel sediments. Feed on benthic crustaceans and fish. Due to its fast growth, delicious meat, and high nutritional value, it is reported that this fish is a tonic in Japan, especially for sumo, wrestlers, and boxers who must eat this fish for a week before the competition to enhance their physical strength and endurance. The best. In 1995, the artificial breeding of the fish was successfully achieved in Taiwan, and fish fry were mass-produced in succession. Its artificial breeding has been developed in Taiwan. In recent years, southern coastal areas such as Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan have also begun the introduction of the development of artificial breeders with parasailing groupers. On October 26, 2003, the author purchased the saddle-striped grouper from Taiwan. , breeding in high-position ponds, after a year of aquaculture to achieve some results, are summarized as follows: First, materials and methods 1, ponds and supporting facilities test pond located in Hainan Province Tanhai Town, Tanhai Town, Xin Village Committee Village demonstration bases for aquaculture were originally high-end shrimp ponds. This experiment used a pond with an area of ​​5 acres, ponds and slopes with cement, and sand at the bottom of the pool. The water source was adequate and the water quality was good. The pond is equipped with two 1 kilowatt water tank aerators, U-shaped cement tanks are installed at the bottom of the pond, and the artificial bricks are artificial reefs. 2. Ponds before stocking After the ponds have been harvested, rinse them with water and then expose them to sunlight for several days. Then infiltrate the bottom of the pool with water, use 10ppm strong chlorine to perform bottom and wall disinfection, and continue to inject water up to 80 in depth after 48 hours. Use 15ppm algae powder with zeolite powder and dolomite powder to adjust the PH value. After the water is used, use 1.3g shrimp king of shrimp and live bacteria to splash water to keep the water stable. 3. Fish seedlings were purchased from Taiwan on October 26th, 2003 with a total of 3990 tails. The average body length was 11 feet and the average body weight was 25 grams/tail. They were transported by foam box to the Haikou Meilan Airport and transported to the farm with a car. After opening the box, adjust the water temperature and put it into the pond. 4, feed and feeding The feed used in this test is the next mixed fish, fresh or frozen products, according to the size of the fish, the early general to be fed under the cut fish, under the frozen fish under the thawed after feeding, Whether it is fresh or frozen ice products must be guaranteed not to deteriorate. Feeding method: The second day after the seedlings are injected into the pond, the feeding is started. The feed amount is determined according to the fish's feeding conditions. It is advisable that the fish eat up to seventy-eight minutes. Each feed is taken in a slow-fast-slow manner and it is timed, fixed-point, quantitative, and qualitative feeding. Before each feeding, a feeding signal (knocking on the wall of the pool) was formed and gradually became habituated. Feeding times: 2 months in advance, 1 time per day, continuous feeding for 2 days in the late period, 1 day for stopping or 1 day for feeding. For high and low temperature weather, the interval is 2-3 days for one day. If the fish does not go up for food, it will not feed. 5. Water quality measurement and regulation Regularly check the physical and chemical factors such as PH, water temperature, salinity, transparency, dissolved oxygen, etc., and adjust the water quality by using microbial preparations such as EM and Diversion Overlord to keep the water quality fat, tender and cool, and keep the water green or yellow-green. Adding water: Mainly add or change water according to whether the water quality is stable or not, add water mainly in the early stage, change the water every 5 days in the middle and later period, change the water volume by 8%-20%. In the high temperature period, more water is changed. Oxygenation: In the early stage and during the day, the aerator is generally not opened. In the middle and later stages, it is mainly to open 1-2 aerators in the evening. 6, disease prevention adhere to the principle of "prevention, prevention and control," and maintain good water quality. Disinfect the body of water regularly with dibromohydantoin during the season of fish susceptibility, and add baits such as Nico, vitamin C and other drugs to the feed. It is prone to parasitism in the winter, and it is used every two weeks to prevent and treat parasitic diseases such as "Mei Shu Tim" and avermectin. Feeds kept fresh and not deteriorated. Second, the results on September 15, 2004 using a net to harvest, and finally drained water capture, harvest yield, specifications, survival rate, feed coefficient in Table 1, the economic benefits of the analysis in Table 2. Table 1 Feeding and harvesting conditions for ponds and ponds for grouper (spotted grouper) Pond feeding Rate of live days for harvesting and breeding % Feeding feeds Feed coefficient Date Quantity Specifications Output Quantity Specification 2003.10.26 3990 Tail 25 g Tail 1842.5 1675 1100 Tail 326 42 10870 5.9 Note: Water temperature 17.1-33°C, PH 8.4-8.8, Specific gravity 1.018-1.022 Table 2 Economic Benefit Analysis Table Output? Output Value Expenditure Profit Input-Output Ratio Seedlings Feed Payroll Oil Drugs and Other Subtotals 1842.5 301500 91000 21760 7500 25000 145260 156240 2.08 3. Summary and conclusions 1. From the results of this experiment, it is feasible to use ponds for breeding of S. peregrineus. Technical measures and management methods adopted in this experiment are feasible. Saddle-spotted grouper has a rapid growth rate (326 days in this experiment, the largest individual reaches 3200 grams/tail), and has strong resistance to disease and adaptability, and is easy to breed. 2. The economic benefits of this experiment are relatively high. It harvests 1842.5 tons of fish and the output value is 301,500 yuan. The average price of each fish is 163.64 yuan. Profit of 156,240 yuan. The cost of producing 1 fish is 18.84 yuan (49.39 yuan for seedlings, 11.81 yuan for feed, electricity, medicines and other 13.57 yuan, and wages of 4.07 yuan), and the average profit is 84.80 yuan. However, if you raise up to 5? In the production cost, the seedling cost accounts for 62.6% of the production cost. Therefore, how to implement technical measures in production, strengthen management, and increase the survival rate are guarantees for greater economic benefits. 3. The survival rate of this experiment is low, only 42%. The reasons for the analysis are as follows: 1A part of the fish was found to have died within the first half of the month after entering the pond. This may be too long with the time it takes for the fish to enter the pond. Before the capture, operation caused by mechanical damage, into the pond after the adaptation to the environment; 2 due to parasitic parasites (including the anchor head, white spotworm) a large number of parasitic. The bite caused severe red skin disease deaths of several hundred fishes. The main reason is that the paralysis in management is not caused by the prevention and treatment of insecticides in time. Parasitic disease mainly occurs when the water temperature is lower than 24°C, and it is easy to take precautionary measures every half month to kill the insects once or frequently check the fish. When there are a small number of parasites, it will kill insects in time, generally it will not cause death; 3 Because of the hot weather, At night, the aerator was not opened, resulting in an oxygen deficiency and hundreds of deaths. The main reason was that the management could not keep up and the lack of oxygen caused. As long as the management was strengthened, the aerator would not be opened in the early stage, and the aerator would be opened in the middle and later nights. You can; 4 do not pay attention to feeding during the high temperature period, but also cause one hundred deaths. The main reason is that the saddle-striped grouper is a temperate species that is not adaptable to high temperatures. In addition, continuous feeding causes food to become full and causes death. As long as the water temperature exceeds 31° C. You can vote again. 5 This fish has the habit of killing each other. When there is uneven size, the big ones will eat small ones, and they will also lose some of them. 4. The size of the fish harvested in this experiment varies greatly, with a size of 3,200 g/tail, and a small size of only 400 g/tail. The main reason is that the fish has a habit of catching food. When feeding, it is often large and the vigor is good. The food is full, but small and weak people often do not eat enough or eat less food. The result will be more and more obvious as time goes by. The best way to solve this problem is to timely classify it. Months are graded once a month to one month, and graded once every two to three months in a mid-late period. In addition, a certain amount of shrimp seedlings can be put in the first half of the month prior to the release of the fry, so that the small, weak ones can prey on the shrimp seedlings when they do not eat food, which can reduce the unevenness of the individual. 5. The feeds used in this experiment are all under the mixed fish. If a large area is to be promoted and the mixed fish is definitely not available, it is very necessary to test the use of compound feed. 6, the test found that the disease that affects the fish is mainly parasitic disease and red skin, skin ulcers. In this test, regular use of the insecticide “Mei Shu Tim†or “Abamectin†to control parasitism once every two weeks and disinfecting the body with dibromohydantoin regularly, and feeding the baits regularly (Nichao) Severe rubbing ointment, prevention of red skin, skin ulcers effect.
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