Planting Techniques of "Green Red Crisp Plum + Potato" in Beichuan County
Qinghong crisp Li is a characteristic fruit tree in the mountainous area of ​​Sichuan. The plant spacing is 3m, the row spacing is 4m, the cultivation density is 45-50 per acre, the spacing between fruit trees is large, and the space utilization is insufficient. Potato is the main food crop in Beichuan County. It has the characteristics of high yield, wide application and dual use of food and vegetables. By introducing potato nesting studies on fruit trees and integrating innovative young fruit tree-potato intercropping techniques, the technology is now described below.
1 Choose an excellent variety
Choose potato early-maturing varieties that are resistant to disease, high yield, strong resistance, adapt to local cultivation conditions, good commercial quality, and moderate plant height. The Beichuan area can be selected from Chuanjing No. 5, Zhongshu No. 2 and Xingjia No. 2.
2 pre-cast processing
2. 1 potato selection
Using the virus-free potato seed, the potato seed potato is selected from the seed potato with bright skin color and strong bud eye vigor. Generally, the seed potato is 35-150g in size. If it is a small whole potato seeding, choose a size of 35-50g seed potato, "green red crispy plum + potato" set for each acre of potato with a seed amount of 100-130kg.
2. 2 kinds of potato treatment
2.2. 1 germination treatment
Before planting, the seed potato should be germinated, and the seed potato should be placed in a dark room with a room temperature of 15-20 degrees, so that it naturally breaks dormancy until the top bud sprouts 0.5-1 cm. Then put the potato pieces in the sun for 3-5 days to grow the buds.
2. 2. 2 kinds of potato cuts
The weight of the cut seed potato should be above 60g, and each potato piece cut should weigh more than 30g and have more than 2-3 bud eyes. When cutting the buds, it is necessary to soak for 0.5 minutes with 0.55% potassium permanganate solution or 70% alcohol for every 10 minutes. It is best to use two knives alternately.
2. 2. 3 disinfection
Immediately after dicing, use a broad-spectrum fungicide such as carbendazim or metalaxyl, mix lime or plant grass ash to mix seeds, and then spread the seeds to dry and make the wound heal.
2. 3 Land preparation, ridge
Before planting, the soil is deeply ploughed by 20-25cm to make the soil soft; the row spacing of red-brown plum fruit trees is 4m, and the ridges are taken 1m away from the fruit trees, and the ridges of the red-brown plum plants are 22 ridges, the ridge width is 1m, and the height is 30. -35cm. In the ridge face, the nest is wrong.
3 Cultivation techniques
3. 1 sowing time
Generally, it is planted in the winter solstice to the beginning of spring. The sowing time of plastic film mulching cultivation is from the end of 11 to the end of December, and the sowing time of open field cultivation is from the beginning of January to the end of January.
3. 2 seeding density
The “green-red crispy plum+potato†set of potatoes is planted in a single-row and double-row nest. The litter distance is 25cm, the ridge spacing is 30-35cm, and the planting density per acre is 2500-2700.
3. 3 Fertilization
When applying fertilizer, reapply the base fertilizer and increase the application of potassium fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer should account for more than 80% of the total fertilizer. When planting, each nest should be applied to the outside. After fertilization, 500-800 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied per mu. Apply 15-15-15 compound fertilizer 25-30kg.
4 Field management
4. 1 weeding and cultivating
After the potato is planted, the herbicide herbicide such as acetochlor should be sprayed on the surface to remove the grass; the seedling should be cultivated and weeded in time, and the last cultivating and weeding should be carried out before the ridge is closed, and the soil should be cultivated.
4. 2 top dressing
According to the potato seedling stage topdressing, pay attention to the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer at the same time, not to apply nitrogen fertilizer, so as not to cause the plant to grow long and affect the potato yield.
4. 3 Control Wang
After the potato plants were closed, the leaves were fertilized with 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to promote the expansion of the potato pieces and increase the yield. At the same time, the aboveground part of the potato is regulated. If the aboveground part of the potato grows too much, it can be controlled by a 20-30 mg/L paclobutrazol solution.
5 pest control
5. 1 Principles of prevention
In accordance with the plant protection policy of “protecting the rule of the rule, preventing the disease, and comprehensive preventionâ€.
5. 2 Main pest control
5.2. 1 Potato late blight prevention
When the potato seedling height is 15-20cm, after the ridge is closed, and after the flowering period, 70% mancozeb WP 700 times or metalaxyl WP 500-800 times or 58% A is used. Creaming Mn-Zn WP 800 times diluted solution and other drugs, regular potato spray control.
5.2. 2 Bacterial wilt
In the early stage of the disease, the roots are treated with 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times solution or 77% copper hydroxide wettable fine particle powder 400 to 500 times.
5. 2. 3 Locust
When aphids are found, use 5% anti-Pulcan wettable powder 1000-2000 times solution, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-4000 times solution, or 20% fenvalerate EC 3300-5000 times solution. Alternate spray control.
6 harvesting
After the 2/3 leaves of the lower part of the potato plant are yellowed, they are harvested in sunny or sunny weather. After harvesting, they are placed in a dry and ventilated place for 5-7 days to make the surface of the potato block lignified, which is beneficial for storage, transportation and sale.
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