Key points of grape spring management techniques during epidemic prevention and control
At present, the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic is in a critical period. While the fruit farmers actively cooperate with the local government to prevent and control the epidemic and do a good job of self-protection, they must also do a good job in the current management of the orchard and strive for a good harvest.
1. Prepare for safety protection and agricultural resources.
Before the agricultural activities, the orchard workers must be trained in epidemic prevention, equipped with sanitary materials such as Hand Sanitizer and disinfectant in public areas, and the production tools are exclusively used by people, disinfected regularly; employees should use local personnel as much as possible, and implement decentralized access, interval operations to avoid Multiple people operate in the same area. Prepare fertilizers, pesticides, fruit bags and other agricultural materials, and strengthen the cleaning, disinfection and isolation of the functional areas of the orchard. Agricultural resources must be purchased through regular channels. Telephone, WeChat, etc. can be used to book agricultural materials and deliver them to your door to reduce unnecessary movement of people.
2. Thoroughly clear the garden.
Branches, dead piles, diseased leaves, etc. during winter shearing are brought out of the orchard to be burned or buried deeply in time to reduce the number of diseases and insects. Peel off the old bark to reduce the number of pests. Eradicate roadside weeds to kill pests that overwinter among the weeds.
3. Anti-falling spring cold.
Irrigation in early spring: reduce ground temperature and tree temperature, delay germination and flowering period; facility cultivation, set cold protection film in advance.
Smoke method: The smoke method can be used to prevent falling spring and cold during the flowering period. The aerosol formulation is: ammonium nitrate 20%, sawdust or residual grass 70%, and waste diesel 10%. The aerosol can be placed in 3 to 4 piles per acre and placed evenly in the upper wind or in the vineyard. When the temperature in the vineyard at a height of 2 meters drops to about 2 ° C, it can ignite and release smoke to prevent cold air from entering.
Spray antifreeze: Bihu strong agent 5000 ～ 7500 times solution plus plant antifreeze solution 500 ～ 600 times solution.
Fourth, wipe buds to top.
Sprouting: 1 to 2 weeks after germination. Wipe off the many buds first; when you can see the inflorescence clearly, choose the strong buds according to the target remaining branches, and try to keep the flower buds.
Topping and tendril removal: Topping is performed 1 to 2 weeks before flowering. Results Branches retained 6 to 8 leaves on the ears for topping; vegetative branches retained 10 to 12 leaves for topping; 2 to 3 secondary shoots at the top of the branch retained two leaves for repeated topping, and the remaining secondary shoots retained 1 leaf for topping. Remove tendrils in time during the growing season.
5. Flower and fruit management.
Thinning flowers and fruits: Thinning ears should be completed 1 to 2 weeks before flowering. Remove the secondary ears first; the medium and strong branches of the large-eared varieties will retain an average of 1 ear per branch, and then pinch off the 1/4 spike tips or the outer side of the lateral ears according to the shape of the commercial ear shape. Except for over-dense fruits and diseases and insects.
Bagging: After the fruit has grown to the size of the soy bean, complete the fruit thinning, spray the fungicide and insecticide all over the garden, and bag immediately. Choose white bags, brown bags or green bags of different sizes according to the characteristics of the varieties.
Sixth, fertilizer and water management.
Fertilization: After the grapes are germinated and before flowering, a compound fertilizer containing about 3 kg of N and K per mu can be applied to promote the growth of plant branches and leaves; after flowering, 3 to 5 kg and K containing N per mu
O 7 to 8 kg of compound fertilizer for swelling and fruit growth. Before flowering and after flowering, boron fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer can be sprayed twice for the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.
Irrigation and drainage: According to the soil moisture, it is better to make the soil layer of 35-40cm soaked.
7. Temperature and humidity control of facility grapes.
Temperature: during germination, 15 ℃ ～ 20 ℃ during the day, 5 ℃ ～ 7 ℃ at night; from germination to flowering, 20 ℃ ～ 28 ℃ during the day, 7 ℃ ～ 15 ℃ at night; during flowering and fruiting, 18 ℃ ～ 28 during the day ℃, more than 10 ℃ at night; fruit expansion and maturity, 25 ℃ ～ 30 ℃ during the day, 15 ℃ ～ 20 ℃ at night.
Humidity: During the germination period, the air is more than 90%, and the soil is 70% to 80%; the new shoot growth period, the air is about 60%, the soil is 70% to 80%; the flowering period, the air is about 50%, the soil is 65% to 70%; During fruit expansion and maturity, the air is about 60% and the soil is 65% to 70%.
8. Prevention of diseases and insect pests.
Germination stage: When the scales on the winter buds of grapes start to explode, spray 3 to 5 Baume sulphur mixture once to eradicate the residual diseases and insects in the winter, and pay attention to spreading the whole garden, including the tree body, frame, Ground, etc., pay attention to spraying the whole garden.
Leaf-expansion stage: The main targets of this period are acne, green stink bug and grape moth. It can spray 600-800 times of 80% mancozeb or 50 times of carbendazim 500 times, and add pyrethroid pesticides to kill insects.
Before flowering: This period of acne, gray mold, brown stem blight and green blind bugs, leafhoppers, etc. are the focus of prevention and control. Can spray 50% manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid or 78% Kebo wettable powder 600 times liquid, use 10% annihilate emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times liquid or cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 ～ 2500 times liquid to kill insects. Pay attention to spraying at the flowering stage to avoid affecting fruit setting.
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