Non-polluted vegetable supporting planting technology

In recent years, the promotion of new varieties and the application of new technologies have greatly increased the output of vegetables. However, during the planting process, more and more pests and diseases have occurred. Many vegetable farmers have become more energetic with pests and diseases, and pesticides are immediately attacked when pests and diseases occur. Preventive drugs, preventive drugs, and repeated use of drugs have caused farmers to spend a lot of money on pest control, which is not conducive to the production of pollution-free vegetables. Vegetable farmers can apply the following six pollution-free planting technologies to reduce the incidence and reduce medication.

First, insect net isolation technology

Insect net isolation means covering the insect nets around the top and the top of the greenhouse, or covering the film and shade nets on the top of the greenhouse, covering the insect nets around the greenhouse, or laying a covered scaffold with an area of ​​several thousand square meters to cover the insect net. It is called the insect-proof net room, and the net is isolated from the net outside, so that the larger-sized pests (Striata, Spodoptera, Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, etc.) cannot enter the net to harm the vegetable crop. Covering cultivation with insect-proof nets can reduce the amount of pesticides in vegetables to a large extent, solve the problem of safe interval of continuous picking vegetables, and greatly improve the food safety of vegetables.

In summer and autumn, leafy vegetables, fruits and vegetables, melons and legumes can be cultivated with insect-proof nets. The autumn seedlings of cabbage and solanaceous vegetables are in high temperature and rainy season, and insect-proof nets cover seedlings, which can reduce pests and diseases. Protect the seedlings from heavy rain, reduce the soil compaction and fertilizer loss in the seedbed, and increase the seedling rate.

Second, the swatch trapping technology

The swatch (yellow and blue plate) trapping technique is a technique that utilizes the pests of some insects to have strong traits toward yellow and blue, and physically traps pests. The main control objects are the same-winged aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, etc., the diptera, the fly, the fly, and the like. Yellow boards are often used to protect the ground and open fields to kill whiteflies, leafminers and mites; blue boards are used to trap and kill horses.

The technical method is simple, and both the open field and the facility cultivation can be used, and the effect in the facility cultivation is better. Generally, 30 pieces of traps of 25 cm and 30 cm or 40 pieces of traps of 25 cm and 20 cm can be uniformly suspended per acre. According to the test, the yellow plate can reduce the insect population density of aphids by 20% to 40%. The insect swatch can not only kill a large number of adults, but also directly reduce the pest damage. It can also predict and warn the pests and determine the accurate prevention time.

Third, insect attractant technology

The insect attractant kills the pest by slow release of the synthetic pheromone compound in the lure to the field, induces the male moth to enter the trap, or uses the confusing method to make the male moth unable to find the female moth, thereby destroying the mating. Ultimately achieve the purpose of prevention and control.

The use of insect attractants to trap pests can not only reduce the number of eggs in the field, effectively control the occurrence of the next generation, reduce the number of field chemical control, reduce the use of pesticides, and at the same time have strong specificity, and no other insects other than the target pest species. The impact can better protect the natural enemy population, better exert its control potential on pests, and improve the agricultural ecological environment. This technology can also be used for monitoring and early warning of target pests.

Fourth, insecticidal lamp trapping technology

Using the characteristics of light, wave, color, and tropism of pests, the insecticidal light waves are set in a specific range, the light is used at a close distance, and the waves are used at a long distance, and the sexual information generated by the pest itself is used to induce the insects to ignite the light. And with a special high-voltage power grid to kill, so that the pests fall into the special insect bag, to achieve the purpose of killing pests. At present, insecticidal lamps that are widely used in agricultural production are frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps.

Vegetable production is generally installed in mid-April, and lights are removed in early November. The daily turn-off time is usually from 9:00 pm to 4:00 am the next day. The light with the light control system can automatically switch according to the brightness of the natural light. Generally, the effective range of the insecticidal lamp is 30 to 50 mu.

The promotion of the application of insecticidal lamps can greatly reduce the number of insects in the field, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and improve the safety of vegetable products.

Five, micro irrigation technology

A micro-irrigation device is used to assemble a micro-irrigation system, which distributes pressurized water to the field, and a local irrigation technique that wets the soil near the root of the vegetable with a small flow rate through the emitter. In practical applications, there are mainly two types of drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation. The water supply in the form of intermittent drip is called drip irrigation, and the water in the form of spray is called micro-sprinkler irrigation. Drip irrigation can be used for planting vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, pepper, long melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc.; micro-sprinkler irrigation is suitable for cultivation of vegetables with high density and soft and tender plants, such as cabbage, celery, fungus and other vegetables, and can also be used for vegetables. Nursery.

Micro-irrigation technology has the advantages of saving labor and water, reducing energy consumption, improving fertilizer utilization rate, reducing field humidity, reducing disease and field weeds, and promoting high quality and high yield of vegetables.

Sixth, "micro-storage micro-irrigation" technology

An efficient water-saving irrigation technology that combines “micro-storage” and “micro-drip irrigation”, that is, using a reservoir to accumulate small water sources in mountainous areas, using the natural drop of hillsides to generate water pressure, and transporting water through plastic water pipes. In the field, the drip irrigation pipe is used to uniformly and accurately transport the water to the root of the plant to form a self-flow irrigation. The system effectively solves the problem of inconvenient power consumption in mountainous areas, so that the drip irrigation system can be used without electricity and without a pump, and is suitable for irrigating vegetables on uneven terrain such as mountains, mountains and hills.

The system not only has many functions such as irrigation, fertilization, water saving, and labor saving, but also can accumulate the small water source lost in the mountainous area, and become a valuable irrigable water resource, so as to achieve “small water use” in mountainous agriculture. In production, especially in the dry season, it can play an extremely important irrigation effect, effectively solve the problem of irrigation of mountain vegetables, avoid the passive situation of drought and disaster, and greatly improve the production capacity of mountain vegetables.

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