Non-pesticide Control Techniques for Vegetable Pests and Diseases

Not applying pesticides to prevent and control vegetable pests and diseases not only reduces the pesticide pollution of vegetables and reduces costs, but also helps to produce pollution-free vegetables and develops the export trade of vegetables. The technology is now described below. First, the physical measures to prevent pests 1, drying seeds, soaking in warm soup, soaking in salt water before sowing, select sunny days will be dried vegetables seeds for 2-3 days, can use the sun to kill the bacteria attached to the surface of the seed to reduce the incidence. Seeds of melons and solanaceous vegetables are soaked in warm water of 55°C for 10-15 minutes. Seeds of legumes and cruciferous vegetables are soaked in warm water of 40-50°C for 10-15 minutes. Prevent disease on the seedling stage. Leaching leguminous seeds with 10% saline for 10 minutes can remove and kill the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and nematode eggs mixed in the seeds to prevent the occurrence of sclerotinia and nematode diseases. 2. The high-temperature sterilization and sterilization of solar energy is commonly used in greenhouse vegetable greenhouses. In the summer and autumn seasons, using the idle period of greenhouses, a greenhouse covered with plastic sheds is used to seal the greenhouses. The high-temperature shelters are selected for 5 to 7 days on sunny days so that the maximum temperature in the shed can reach 60-70°C, effectively killing the shed and the soil surface. Germs and pests. 3. Avoid and trap pests by placing butter plates on the vents in the shed to trap and kill them by using waste fiberboard, planting 1 m X 0.2 m strips, painting them with yellow paint, and applying a layer of viscous oil. (Use oil No. 10 and add a little butter to mix well), set 25-30 pieces per 667.2, and place them in the same height between the rows. When the whitefly sticks to the board surface, it is necessary to reapply the sticky oil in time. 4, high-temperature compost kill pathogens and insect pests Vegetable-based fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizers, but farm organic fertilizers have many plant pathogens and insect pests. In the first 1-2 months before application, the water can be splashed with water, accumulated and covered with plastic film, making it fully fermented and decomposed. During the fermentation period, the temperature in the heap is as high as about 70°C, which can effectively kill pests and diseases. And after the fertilizer is applied into the shed, no harmful phenomena such as vegetable root burning and toxic gas damage will occur. Second, cultivation measures to prevent pests and diseases 1, rotation and cleaning of the garden and various vegetables for more than 2-4 years of crop rotation, have a significant effect of reducing and reducing pests and diseases, and there is a significant increase in production. All the sick and sick fruits are brought out of the shed, destroyed or buried deeply, which can reduce the number of diseases. In particular, after the smashing of the former crop, thorough cleaning of the clean garden, combined with high-temperature stuffy shed, can effectively control certain diseases and pests of the sorghum vegetables. 2. Increase organic fertilizer and formula fertilization Based on the application of organic fertilizer, according to the appropriate ratio of nutrient requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in various vegetables, fertilize with formula can not only improve soil nutrient status, but also promote vegetables. The crops are strong and healthy, and they can also increase the resistance to diseases of vegetables, increase the yield and improve the quality, and reduce the number of applications and the amount of pesticides applied. 3, the implementation of ridge cultivation and plastic film mulching vegetable greenhouses to implement planting mulching, mulch film coverage, not only to facilitate watering in the ditch under the membrane, reduce soil evaporation, reduce greenhouse air humidity, inhibit the occurrence of vegetable diseases and development, but also to prevent soil transfer The spread of germs reduces the occurrence of diseases. Third, the ecological environment prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases Ecological control method is the use of vegetables and bacteria growth and development of different environmental requirements, to create conducive to the growth and development of vegetables, unfavorable to the occurrence and development of ecological and environmental conditions, can reduce and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. For example, downy mildew, gray mold, and powdery mildew, the bacteria do not occur or occur slowly at temperatures above 32°C and relative humidity below 80%. The suitable photosynthetic temperature of thermophilic vegetables is 18-28°C, and 70%-80% of photosynthetic capacity is completed at 8-12 a.m. Therefore, in the ecological environment, we can use the morning as early as possible to expel grasshoppers, extend the lighting time, and pay attention to proper ventilation so that the temperature of the shed is not higher than 28°C and the humidity is not higher than 80%. After closing the shed in the afternoon, the temperature in the short-term greenhouse was raised to 33°C to suppress the development of germs at a high temperature, and then the air was released to release moisture. After the humidity in the high temperature in the afternoon, the air humidity in the night shed was relatively low, which reduced the condensation. It helps to inhibit the spread of germs. During the winter and spring cold in greenhouses, the water can be poured into the water, which can be used for "three-not-three pouring and three-control", that is, no rain pouring, sunny pouring; no pouring in the afternoon, pouring in the morning; pouring without water, pouring water under the membrane; seedling stage Control the watering; control the watering even in cloudy days and control the watering at low temperature. In this way, the occurrence and spread of thermophilic, high humidity, and low temperature resistant bacteria such as epidemics can be effectively suppressed. Fourth, vegetable preparations to prevent pests 1, cucumber mango will be 1 kg of fresh melon, add a little water smashed filter residue, with filtered sap plus 3-5 times the water spray, the control of cabbage caterpillar and cabbage lice effect of more than 90% . 2, bitter gourd leaves picked fresh juicy bitter gourd leaves, add a small amount of water smashed extract raw liquid, and then add 1 kilogram of lime water per kilogram of liquid, after reconciliation and then used to watering the roots of plant seedlings, prevention and treatment of tigers have special effects. 3, loofah will be fresh loofah smashed, plus 20 times the water and stir evenly, take the filtrate spray, used to control Pieris rapae, spider mites, aphids and vegetable lice and other pests, the effect is more than 95%. 4, pumpkin leaves add a small amount of water to smash the pumpkin leaves, squeeze the original liquid. Diluted by 2 parts of the original solution plus 3 times the water, add a small amount of soap, spray evenly after mixing, the effect of the treatment of aphids is more than 90%.