High-yield measures for mung bean cultivation
1, fine preparation
Since mung bean is a dicotyledon crop, the cotyledon is unearthed, and the top soil of the seedlings is weak. If the soil compaction or soil waste is too much, it may easily cause the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and ridges or emergence of seedlings. Therefore, before sowing, it is required to deeply plow and finely plow finely and prepare the soil so as to loosen the soil and make the soil loose, store water, protect the soil, prevent the soil from being hardened, and promote the emergence of seedlings in order to facilitate emergence.
2, choose the fine varieties
The selection of good varieties is an effective measure to increase production. The selection of suitable varieties should be based on the local natural conditions, soil fertility and commodity value. At present, there are more than 20 varieties planted on mung bean production in our province. It can be described as more, more chaotic and miscellaneous, and there are no main varieties. However, the varieties with good performance in production include Liaoqing No. 6, Liaoyue Mungbean No. 1 and Zhonglu No. 2 and so on.
3, using the correct seeding technology
As the growth period of mung bean is shorter, the sowing time can be longer and it can be broadcast in spring and summer. Spring sowing in the city should be in mid-May and summer sowing should be before July 5. Mung bean sowing methods are drilled, sowing and spreading three kinds. However, it is mostly broadcast. The drill must prevent excessive soil re-consolidation, excessive thick seeds and missing seeds. After emergence, it was found that seedlings were cut off and seedlings were seedlings, and replanting was completed within 7 days. The row spacing is mostly 0.5-0.6m, and the spacing is 10-20cm. The sowing depth is 3~5cm. Mu per planted area is generally 1.5~2.0kg.
4, for a reasonable close planting
As the production of mung bean is composed of three parts, the total number of grains, grains per grain, and grain weight. The level of production is closely related to planting density. Therefore, the planting density of mung bean should depend on the variety characteristics and soil fertility. Generally should grasp the early maturing varieties of dense, late-maturing varieties of rare; upright dense, semi-wild type thin, creeping type more dilute; fertility should be thin, thin to close; early species dilute, late species density principle. Upright varieties, plant vertical development, suitable for close planting, leaving 8000 to 15000 per mu. Semi-traversing varieties are upright, middle, upper or axillary at the base and should be thinned appropriately, leaving 7000 to 12,000 plants per acre. Transverse cultivars of the cultivars should be thin and their density should be between 6,000 and 10,000. High-fertilizer soil, about 8,000 acres of left seedlings; fertilizer soil retention 8000 ~ 12000 is suitable; barren to 13000 ~ 15000 is appropriate.
5, scientific fertilization
The principle of fertilization of mung beans should be based on organic fertilizers, supplemented by inorganic fertilizers, and the use of organic and organic fertilizers should be mixed. Fertilization techniques: Mungbeans have a short growth period and strong resistance to pods. Their roots also have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing capabilities. Production often involves no fertilization. However, in order to increase the production of mung beans in medium- and low-yield plots, fertilizer should be added. In general, the Mushi fertilizer is about 10kg of diammonium phosphate or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. In areas with poor soil fertility and without applying basal fertilizer and seed fertilizer, after the first compound leaf of mung bean is developed, combined with cultivator, it can recover 3 kg of urea or 8 to 10 kg of compound fertilizer. There is a clear increase in production. In high-fertility plots, the seedling stage should be dominated and should not be top-dressed. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer will lead to excessive vegetative growth, leafy stems and leaves, shaded fields, plant lodging, serious flowering and falling mung beans. Yield.
6. Conduct field management
In order to ensure that mung beans grow neatly at the seedling stage, the population develops well, many buds have more flowering and more fruit, and large grains, large grains and large grains, high yield and high quality. The following points should be done after sowing: (1), depending on the situation, suppression: sowing seeds Bad plots should be repressed in a timely manner, with the pressure with the species, so that the seeds and the soil in close contact, increase surface moisture, promote seed germination and development, early emergence, a full seedling. (2) Checking and filling seedlings in a timely manner: After the emergence of mung bean, it was found that there was a phenomenon of lack of seedlings and ridges, and replanting should be completed within 7 days. (3), and time Dingmiao: In order to make individual seedlings develop well, the first compound leaf should be developed after the seedlings, and the second compound leaf should be developed after the second compound leaf is developed. According to the determined density, remove weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, seedlings, hybrid seedlings and weeds, and leave strong seedlings. The practice of planting individual plants helps the plants grow robustly. (4) Timely cultivating and weeding: Not only can we eliminate weeds, but also can eliminate soil compaction, loosen soil, reduce evaporation, increase ground temperature, and promote root nodule activity. It is a measure to increase the production of mung beans. Generally, after the first compound leaf of mung bean is unfolded, the first combination of the seedlings is shallow; after the second compound leaf is unfolded, the seedling is established and the second cultivating is performed; the third deep cultivating till the branching period is performed, and The roots should be sealed and the cultivator should be carried out until the ridges are closed. The depth of cultivator should master shallow-deep-light principles. (5) Timely irrigation and drainage prevention: Mungbeans are crops that require more water, are not resistant to waterlogging and are afraid of flooding. Mungbean seedling stage has stronger drought resistance and less water requirement; flowering stage is the peak period of water demand. At this time, in case of drought should be timely irrigation. However, mung beans are afraid of flooding. If there is too much water in the seedling stage, the root disease will be aggravated, causing the rot to die. In the late period, the plant growth was poor, premature aging occurred, and the calyx fell off and the yield decreased. Therefore, mung bean should be drained during the rainy season.
7, the implementation of scientific planting methods, do a good job of efficient cultivation, increase production and income
By using mung bean's short growth period, insensitivity to light, resistance to shading, long sowing time, and nodules nitrogen fixation to increase fertilization, it is possible to plant mungbeans in wheat or other crops or vegetables, melons, or high-crop crops. Slow-growing crops such as corn, cotton, sweet potato, yellow tobacco, etc. were intercropped or mixed, making full use of natural resources such as light, temperature, water, and soil on the land area of ​​the unit, resulting in increased yield and revenue. Raise the land.
8, the implementation of rotation down
Green beans avoid continuous production. Due to continuous pests and diseases, poor quality, but also because of the proliferation of harmful microorganisms to inhibit the development of rhizobia, the farmer's "bean bean year, year after year, high annual output". At the same time, mung bean is also an important fertilizer crop, and it is a good frontier for cereals. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange land for mung beans rationally and implement crop rotation, preferably with cereal crops such as corn, sorghum, and wheat dumplings, which is generally 2 to 3 years apart.
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