High-yield cultivation techniques of saffron
The safflower is a species of Chinese herbal medicine that has been developed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The Ministry of Science and Technology has listed it as a key development project. After more than ten years of planting experiments, Henan YiDa and related units have proved that as long as the management science of safflower is enough, the basal fertiliser should be applied and the bulbs of more than 8g should be selected (Note: the bulbs below 8g will not bloom). The use of plant hormones and other technologies, while increasing the amount of bulbs planted, will ensure high yields and stable yields. Planting one mus of saffron, generally 1 to 2 kilograms of dried flowers, 600 to 1000 kilograms of bulbs, 4,000 to 7,000 yuan/kg of safflower, international market price of more than 2,000 US dollars/kilogram, and 40 to 50 on the market of bulbs. Yuan/kg. Although the saffron blooms, it does not seed and reproduce by bulbs. Bulbous oblate, surrounded by several layers of light brown membranous scales surrounded by milky white. There are 7 to 9 links on the bulbs, and there are 1 to 4 axillary buds in each link. Plants clustered, leaves basal, long linear, margin slightly recurved. Flowers apical, perianth 6-merous, bluish-purple; stamens 3, yellow; pistil 1; styles 3-parted, adaxially bulging outward, pendulous. The stigma tip is slightly horn-shaped, dark red, and has a specific fragrance. The flowering period is from late October to early November. The saffron is a subtropical plant that is warm, warm, cool, and afraid of heat and cold. The soil is fertile sandy loam, avoid water. Saffron temperature is suitable for 2 ~ 19 °C, in the northern part of the country -18 °C temperature to take cold measures can be safely overwintering. Proper shading at a high temperature of 25°C in southern China can extend the growth time of saffron; it is beneficial to the growth of bulbs of saffron. Western countries often use open field flowers and reproduce bulbs. In China, flowering is used indoors and bulbs are propagated in fields. The safflower's growth habits and techniques are similar to those of farmers. First, site preparation According to the requirements of saffron on the environmental conditions, select warm, sunny, loose and fertile plots in winter. Crimson spurs made a round of rotation, avoiding continuous cropping. The former was better than beans, corn, rice, etc. It could also be used in orchards. Crimson saffron is a root system with shallow roots. In winter, the temperature in the north is low, and dressing is inconvenient. It is very important to apply basal fertilizer. Combine 100 kg of lime or 1.5 kg of quintozene with Muji. Mushi rotted 5000 kg of fertilizer, 50 kg of calcium phosphate, 30 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, and 200 kg of cooked cake fat as base fertilizer. The whole grain was flattened in a north-south direction. The width was 1.3 meters and the height was 30 cm. The shape, the space between 30 and 40 cm. Second, bulbs treatment of safflower bulbs on the main bud and lateral buds, the main bud flowering, lateral buds do not flower, each bud can form a small bulb, female bulbs can grow 6 to 15 bulbs. If we do not shoot, there will be more and more small bulbs, bulbs below 8 g will not bloom, and the yield of flowers will be getting lower and lower. In order to guarantee high yields in the coming year, we must thoroughly remove lateral buds. Generally, one main bud of 20 g or less of bulbs, 2 main buds of 20 to 30 g, and 3 main buds of 30 g or more are reserved. According to the experiment, saffron multiple buds can increase the production of saffron by about 27%. Before bulbs are planted, they are treated with chemicals to prevent pests and diseases. The main disease of saffron is rot disease, and the pest is Robingen. The agent used to treat bulbs is generally mixed with 25% carbendazim 500 times solution and dicofol or dimethoate 3000 times solution. The two solutions are mixed and soaked for 20 minutes.
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