High-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of pepper in arid area of ​​Tianshui City

Pepper is cultivated in many areas of China, and pepper is a commonly used seasoning to remove moisture. Today, Xiaobian wants to talk about the cultivation techniques of pepper in the dry area.

1 Jianyuan
1.1 Garden selection

Generally, in the hilly and mountainous areas, the gentle slope section below 25° should be selected to build the garden. On the plains of the mountains and plains, the terrain should be slightly higher, and the ventilation and light-transparent sections should be built. The low-concave ground, trough-shaped ground and mountain pass that are easy to accumulate cold air should be avoided. In order to avoid freezing damage to flowers, young fruits and branches. In short, the pepper garden should be built in a gentle section with high terrain, ventilated sun and thick soil. It is not advisable to plant pepper in areas above 2 200m above sea level.

1.2 variety selection and matching

The varieties of peppers promoted and cultivated in the arid area of ​​Tianshui City should be mainly Dahongpao, oil pepper, bean pepper and Qinxuan No.1. According to different site conditions, the varieties are determined and suitable for trees.

Zanthoxylum is a self-flowering tree species. It does not emphasize the configuration of pollination varieties. The pepper gardens with larger area should consider the combination of different mature varieties to avoid single varieties, concentrated maturity time, difficult to harvest at the right time, and affect fruit quality. The order of maturity of each variety was Xiaohongjiao, Baishajiao, Dahongpao, Qinxuan No.1, Dahongjiao, and bean pepper. The maturity of the two varieties was about 10d.

The horizontal roots of the pepper are developed and require a large nutrient area. According to the experience of the masses, planting peppers should be thin and should not be thick. The sparsely planted pepper tree has a large crown, many fruits and long life; the thick planted tree is short, with few fruits and short life. The fast-growing and high-yield pepper garden should be properly densely planted; the density of pepper and pepper intercropping should be small, and the intercropping of pepper plantation should be 4m×5m, that is, 33 plants per 667m2, and the spacing of pure forest plants such as pepper garden and barren hill valley is (2~) 3) m × 4 m, that is, 56 to 83 plants per 667 m2.

2.2 Planting period

The arid mountainous area should be planted in autumn, and the survival rate in spring planting is poor, and it is planted in the rainy season. The survival rate of autumn planting is twice that of spring planting. Planting in autumn, after deciduous to the soil before freezing, the sooner the better, the spring planting in the soil after thawing to seedlings before germination, should be sooner rather than later.

2.3 seedling selection

Select pure first-grade seedlings, require seedling height of 70cm or more, ground diameter of 0.80cm or more, seedlings grow robust, top buds are full, roots are developed, no mechanical damage. In areas where conditions permit, container seedlings should be selected as much as possible, which can effectively increase the survival rate of seedlings.

2.4 seedlings out

The seedlings are planted one day before planting, and the seedlings are planted in the autumn before or after the leaves, and the seedlings are planted in the spring when the buds start to sprout, and the plants are planted in the rainy season. If it cannot be planted immediately after emergence, it needs to be planted.

2.5 planting technology

Before planting, the roots of the seedlings should be soaked in water for a period of time to allow the roots to absorb water. It is best to add rooting agents such as APT rooting powder and butyric acid to facilitate the production of new roots. In the rainy season, the leaves are planted. Before planting, some twigs and leaves should be cut off and soil should be taken to increase the survival rate.

2.6 post-plant management

It is not too early to plant the saplings after planting. It should be combined with irrigation or rainfall to apply a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the middle of June, or carry out foliar topdressing to prevent too much topdressing to cause focal length and even death. From the beginning of September, 0.50% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the foliar surface, and sprayed once every 15 days for 3 consecutive injections.

2.7 intercropping

Planting soybeans, artichokes, vegetables, melons and other crops between the rows of peppers or in the gaps, and exerting the effect of rhizobial bacteria to improve the soil and increase the yield per unit area. Crops such as wheat, corn, and sorghum must have more roots and compete for water and fertilizer. It should not be selected as intercropping crops.

3 Management Technology

3.1 The tree is wrapped in cold to prevent freezing

After the leaves are plucked at the base of the trunk, the upper part is tied with grass and wrapped with plastic cloth to prevent the branches from being frozen and drawn.

3.2 plastic trimming, promote flower bud formation

Plastic trimming should make the layout of the main and side branches at all levels reasonable, the structure is ideal, all kinds of branches are dense and not crowded, and the crown can be controlled within a certain range, which is convenient for harvesting and management. The results of the culture group often adopt the methods of first cutting and then releasing, first releasing and then shrinking, and then cutting and retracting.

Auxiliary branches can be properly retained without affecting the light, pulled to a 50° flat oblique state, and timely picking the heart to promote germination and differentiation. Configure and train the resulting branch groups according to the size of the space. In mid-to-late September, all new shoots that the whole tree still cannot stop growing were topped out and stopped.

3.3 irrigation and topdressing, promote flower bud formation

The stalks cover the tree plate to protect the sputum, and the rainy season attracts the flow irrigation. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the drainage of the tree plate after the heavy rain, so as to avoid the death of the pepper tree.

The fertilizer should be turned deep into the soil layer about 45 cm deep outside the canopy projection. In the first fruit stage, the annual planting of the tree is 5~10kg, and the fruiting period is 25~45kg. Before germination, apply 0.30~0.50kg urea and 0.50~1kg diammonium phosphate or 1.20kg superphosphate; after flowering, apply 0.50~1kg urea or ammonium nitrate.

3.4 thinning and thinning

On the same main and side branches, if the difference between the front and the back is large, the amount of evacuation should be different. The main, side branches and branches of Qiangwang are sparse or sparse to ease the growth; the main, side branches and branches of the weaker ones should be sparse.

4 Prevention of pests and diseases

1 After the leaves are combined with the winter shears, the old skins are scraped off in time, and the fallen leaves and diseased branches in the garden are cleaned up and burned intensively;

2 The tree is sprayed with 45~70 times of Solybe liquid or 5 wave of beautiful stone sulfur mixture solution. When the spring buds are swollen, spray it evenly once.

4.2 Growth and control measures

1 After the spring germination, use black light to trap the phototaxis wintering adults such as chafers;

2 Strong tree potential to improve the disease resistance of the tree;

3 Reasonable trimming to maintain the permeability of the canopy and garden;

4 using natural enemies to control pests;

5 When the pests and diseases are heavier, spray pesticides in a timely manner.

The above is the whole content of the cultivation technology of pepper in the arid area. If your environment also belongs to this kind, you can refer to this technology!

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