Green produce sesame production technology
1. The base selects the surrounding area of ​​sesame production base of green agricultural products (within 2000 meters). There is no source of pollution. The atmospheric environment conforms to the air quality of the green food base. The farmland irrigation water quality complies with the green food base irrigation water quality standard, and the farmland soil quality meets the environmental standards of the green food base.
2. Variety selection Liaozhi No. 1, Liaozhi No. 2, Baijubai etc.
3 main cultivation techniques
3.1 Change crops, timely grab the early planting According to research, the roots of sesame can secrete a substance that remains in the soil after the sesame seeds are harvested. It can promote the propagation of certain soil microorganisms, thereby accelerating the soil. Decomposition of organic matter increases soil nutrients and increases soil fertility. At the same time, these microorganisms are beneficial to cereal crops, but they are unfavorable to soybeans and sesame seeds. If sesame seeds are sown or continuously used as sesame seeds, the diseases are serious. Especially in years with more rain, the incidence of sesame is heavier, with individual years reaching about 50%. , so avoid being heavy.
Although sesame does not require strict soil, it requires a relatively dry environment during the later period of development, and is most afraid of flooding. Therefore, it is better to choose high-desert, loose and fertile flatland and sloping land. It is better to use sandy loam instead of saline soil. Land and low-lying land.
In order to reduce the risk of pests and diseases and maintain stable and high yield, sesame should be properly processed with sorghum, corn or millet, preferably for three times a year.
3.2 Fine soil preparation The sesame seeds are dicotyledonous plants. The seed is small, and the soil capacity is weak. The requirements for site preparation are high. The plough layer is required to be applied under virtual conditions, and the surface soil is fine and clean. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out fine soil preparation before sowing, and do a good job in ploughing and pressing, picking up net rakes, and breaking up rubble to make the soil finely crushed. In particular, it is necessary to top-down the roll in time. The land with irrigation conditions should be well-watered and preserved before sowing.
3.3 Scientific fertilization Scientific fertilization is an important measure to ensure the high yield of sesame. According to the present situation of soil fertility in our city, in order to obtain more than 100 kilograms of output of 667 square meters, generally 667 square meters of high-quality farmyard fertilizer should be used for 2500-3000 kilograms, and Sanyuan compound fertilizer should be 10 kilograms. The sesame flowering period requires more fertilizer, and it is advisable to chase urea 10 kg per 667 square meters for the budding or initial flowering period.
3.4 Selection of Fine Varieties for Good Seed Treatment The current varieties of Liaozhi 1, Liaozhi 2 and Bachuanbai, which are currently being promoted in production, are high-yield and high-quality varieties at the current stage, with a growth period of 100 to 110 days, and wide adaptability. Lodging, strong cold resistance, high yield, generally about 667 square meters of production of about 150 kilograms, application of seedlings before sowing to do a good job of seed selection, to ensure full seed seed.
In order to reduce pests and diseases, seeds should be disinfected before sowing. Seeds can be soaked in 0.2% carbendazim or 0.3% copper sulphate for 1 to 2 hours, washed with water and dried to dry. It is also possible to use a small cloth bag to hold the seeds 1 day before sowing and immerse them in a 0.5% concentrated copper sulphate solution. After 30 minutes, the seeds are taken out of the flat dark place for drying. 3.5 timely sowing, to ensure that the seedling planting is an important part of sesame production. It is necessary to change the habit of late sowing so that timely sowing. When the soil is stable at a temperature of 10 cm deep above 12 °C, sowing should be carried out. Sowing late, the feet are high, the fruit is thin, there are many yellow shoots, and the yield is low. The sowing date test results should be planted in early May. The sesame seeding is mostly drilled. The seeding rate is 0.5 to 0.75 kg per 667 square meters, and the cover soil thickness is 1 to 2 cm. 2 to 3 days before sowing, the manure is stuffy and wet. After the ditch is opened, the dung is used to plant the seed. After the seed is planted, it is not covered with soil. If the sensation is not good at the time of sowing, the water should be sowed.
3.6 Proper and close planting The varieties currently planted on the production are mostly single-rod type, with a row spacing of 40 to 44 cm, and 12,000 planting per 667 square meters. Saplings are planted at 15,000 square meters per 667 square meters. If they are planted in branched varieties, they are 42 to 44 centimeters apart, 10,000 seedlings per 667 square meters, and 12,000 seedlings per 667 square meters.
3.7 Strengthening field management
3.7.1 Breaking the hard-covered sesame seeds often encounters precipitation before sowing after sowing, and the ground forms a hard cover, which is not conducive to emergence. The hard cover should be removed with a shovel in time. After sowing, when the surface of the dry wind is lost, it is also necessary to timely fill and remove the hard cover.
3.7.2 Early Miao Miao, early Dingmiao seedlings in order to avoid overcrowding and competition for water, competing for fat, win light. Should be early seedlings, early fixed seedlings. A pair of true leaf time seedlings should appear in the seedlings, and 2 to 3 pairs of true leaves should be seedlings. Dingling seedlings can be combined with transplanted seedlings, irrigated before transplanting, so that seedling roots and soil tightly combined in order to transplant soil with soil, digging after transplanting to cover soil after transplanting.
3.7.3 Spade management In order to create a good environment for soil sesame seed loosening, sesame seedlings, budding stage and flowering stage should be shoveled, and combined with topdressing for cultivating earth. Three shovels and two shovels are required. The depth is shallow, deep and shallow. After the line is closed, shoveling is stopped. Large grass should be removed when it is harmful.
3.7.4 irrigation sesame buds, flowering and crusting period encounter drought, plant growth is slow, falling flowers, the number of knots decreased, scorpions increased, the oil rate decreased, it should be timely irrigation. If there is flooding during the later period of childbirth, it must be drained in time.
3.7.5 Prevention of Pests and Diseases We must first eliminate the weeds in the sesame field and eliminate the overwintering host. In combination with spring soil preparation, the overwintering pests will be killed and killed, and the larvae of small tigers older than 3 years old will be manually killed. Use adequately cooked fertilizer to reduce parasitic eggs and use light to trap adult insects.
The prevention and treatment of diseases caused by sesame in green agricultural products should take comprehensive control measures, except for seed treatment before sowing. In the field, diseased plants were found to be uprooted and brought out of the field to be burned to prevent the spread of the disease.
When blight occurs at the seedling stage, it is necessary to strengthen scoop management, increase ground temperature, and mitigate damage. When bacterial wilt and leaf spot disease occur during fertility, spray 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, 70% thiophanates 500-800 times solution, 72.2% Lectra's water is sprayed with 667 square meters of 60 to 100 ml of water, 30 to 50 liters of spray and other pesticides.
3.7.6 Tip-breaking flowers Sesame seeds are infinitely growing inflorescences. In order to promote the consistency of sesame seeds, increase grain weight, increase yield, facilitate harvesting, and break the flowers before and after the summer heat treatment, and the yield increase is about 10%. The method of breaking the tip of the flower is to remove the sesame stem by hand by about 1 cm.
3.7.7 Timely harvesting of sesame seeds is late and it is easy to drop grains, resulting in a bumpy harvest. Therefore, it is timely to harvest 1 to 2 pods in the lower part of the plant.
2. Variety selection Liaozhi No. 1, Liaozhi No. 2, Baijubai etc.
3 main cultivation techniques
3.1 Change crops, timely grab the early planting According to research, the roots of sesame can secrete a substance that remains in the soil after the sesame seeds are harvested. It can promote the propagation of certain soil microorganisms, thereby accelerating the soil. Decomposition of organic matter increases soil nutrients and increases soil fertility. At the same time, these microorganisms are beneficial to cereal crops, but they are unfavorable to soybeans and sesame seeds. If sesame seeds are sown or continuously used as sesame seeds, the diseases are serious. Especially in years with more rain, the incidence of sesame is heavier, with individual years reaching about 50%. , so avoid being heavy.
Although sesame does not require strict soil, it requires a relatively dry environment during the later period of development, and is most afraid of flooding. Therefore, it is better to choose high-desert, loose and fertile flatland and sloping land. It is better to use sandy loam instead of saline soil. Land and low-lying land.
In order to reduce the risk of pests and diseases and maintain stable and high yield, sesame should be properly processed with sorghum, corn or millet, preferably for three times a year.
3.2 Fine soil preparation The sesame seeds are dicotyledonous plants. The seed is small, and the soil capacity is weak. The requirements for site preparation are high. The plough layer is required to be applied under virtual conditions, and the surface soil is fine and clean. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out fine soil preparation before sowing, and do a good job in ploughing and pressing, picking up net rakes, and breaking up rubble to make the soil finely crushed. In particular, it is necessary to top-down the roll in time. The land with irrigation conditions should be well-watered and preserved before sowing.
3.3 Scientific fertilization Scientific fertilization is an important measure to ensure the high yield of sesame. According to the present situation of soil fertility in our city, in order to obtain more than 100 kilograms of output of 667 square meters, generally 667 square meters of high-quality farmyard fertilizer should be used for 2500-3000 kilograms, and Sanyuan compound fertilizer should be 10 kilograms. The sesame flowering period requires more fertilizer, and it is advisable to chase urea 10 kg per 667 square meters for the budding or initial flowering period.
3.4 Selection of Fine Varieties for Good Seed Treatment The current varieties of Liaozhi 1, Liaozhi 2 and Bachuanbai, which are currently being promoted in production, are high-yield and high-quality varieties at the current stage, with a growth period of 100 to 110 days, and wide adaptability. Lodging, strong cold resistance, high yield, generally about 667 square meters of production of about 150 kilograms, application of seedlings before sowing to do a good job of seed selection, to ensure full seed seed.
In order to reduce pests and diseases, seeds should be disinfected before sowing. Seeds can be soaked in 0.2% carbendazim or 0.3% copper sulphate for 1 to 2 hours, washed with water and dried to dry. It is also possible to use a small cloth bag to hold the seeds 1 day before sowing and immerse them in a 0.5% concentrated copper sulphate solution. After 30 minutes, the seeds are taken out of the flat dark place for drying. 3.5 timely sowing, to ensure that the seedling planting is an important part of sesame production. It is necessary to change the habit of late sowing so that timely sowing. When the soil is stable at a temperature of 10 cm deep above 12 °C, sowing should be carried out. Sowing late, the feet are high, the fruit is thin, there are many yellow shoots, and the yield is low. The sowing date test results should be planted in early May. The sesame seeding is mostly drilled. The seeding rate is 0.5 to 0.75 kg per 667 square meters, and the cover soil thickness is 1 to 2 cm. 2 to 3 days before sowing, the manure is stuffy and wet. After the ditch is opened, the dung is used to plant the seed. After the seed is planted, it is not covered with soil. If the sensation is not good at the time of sowing, the water should be sowed.
3.6 Proper and close planting The varieties currently planted on the production are mostly single-rod type, with a row spacing of 40 to 44 cm, and 12,000 planting per 667 square meters. Saplings are planted at 15,000 square meters per 667 square meters. If they are planted in branched varieties, they are 42 to 44 centimeters apart, 10,000 seedlings per 667 square meters, and 12,000 seedlings per 667 square meters.
3.7 Strengthening field management
3.7.1 Breaking the hard-covered sesame seeds often encounters precipitation before sowing after sowing, and the ground forms a hard cover, which is not conducive to emergence. The hard cover should be removed with a shovel in time. After sowing, when the surface of the dry wind is lost, it is also necessary to timely fill and remove the hard cover.
3.7.2 Early Miao Miao, early Dingmiao seedlings in order to avoid overcrowding and competition for water, competing for fat, win light. Should be early seedlings, early fixed seedlings. A pair of true leaf time seedlings should appear in the seedlings, and 2 to 3 pairs of true leaves should be seedlings. Dingling seedlings can be combined with transplanted seedlings, irrigated before transplanting, so that seedling roots and soil tightly combined in order to transplant soil with soil, digging after transplanting to cover soil after transplanting.
3.7.3 Spade management In order to create a good environment for soil sesame seed loosening, sesame seedlings, budding stage and flowering stage should be shoveled, and combined with topdressing for cultivating earth. Three shovels and two shovels are required. The depth is shallow, deep and shallow. After the line is closed, shoveling is stopped. Large grass should be removed when it is harmful.
3.7.4 irrigation sesame buds, flowering and crusting period encounter drought, plant growth is slow, falling flowers, the number of knots decreased, scorpions increased, the oil rate decreased, it should be timely irrigation. If there is flooding during the later period of childbirth, it must be drained in time.
3.7.5 Prevention of Pests and Diseases We must first eliminate the weeds in the sesame field and eliminate the overwintering host. In combination with spring soil preparation, the overwintering pests will be killed and killed, and the larvae of small tigers older than 3 years old will be manually killed. Use adequately cooked fertilizer to reduce parasitic eggs and use light to trap adult insects.
The prevention and treatment of diseases caused by sesame in green agricultural products should take comprehensive control measures, except for seed treatment before sowing. In the field, diseased plants were found to be uprooted and brought out of the field to be burned to prevent the spread of the disease.
When blight occurs at the seedling stage, it is necessary to strengthen scoop management, increase ground temperature, and mitigate damage. When bacterial wilt and leaf spot disease occur during fertility, spray 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, 70% thiophanates 500-800 times solution, 72.2% Lectra's water is sprayed with 667 square meters of 60 to 100 ml of water, 30 to 50 liters of spray and other pesticides.
3.7.6 Tip-breaking flowers Sesame seeds are infinitely growing inflorescences. In order to promote the consistency of sesame seeds, increase grain weight, increase yield, facilitate harvesting, and break the flowers before and after the summer heat treatment, and the yield increase is about 10%. The method of breaking the tip of the flower is to remove the sesame stem by hand by about 1 cm.
3.7.7 Timely harvesting of sesame seeds is late and it is easy to drop grains, resulting in a bumpy harvest. Therefore, it is timely to harvest 1 to 2 pods in the lower part of the plant.
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