Foliar fertilizer types and spray precautions
Foliar fertilizer is a type of fertilizer that nutrients are applied to the surfaces of crop leaves and exert their basic functions through the absorption of the leaves. The leaves of the plant have two upper and lower epidermis composed of epidermal cells with a cuticle and wax on the outer side of the upper epidermal cells. Quality, can protect the mesophyll cells under the epidermis tissue to exercise photosynthetic, respiratory and other functions, without the influence of external changes in adverse conditions, the performance of the leaves there are many tiny pores, the use of gas replacement function. Studies have shown that the stratum corneum consists of a long carbon chain fatty acid polymer with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The molecular gaps and molecular hydroxyl and carboxyl hydrophilic groups of the polymer allow aqueous solutions to penetrate into the leaves. Of course, The stomata on the leaf surface is a more convenient channel for the leaf fertilizer to enter the leaf. The urea substances in the fertilizer have a softening effect on the stratum corneum of the epidermal cells, which can accelerate the infiltration of other nutrients, so the urea substances have a softening effect on the stratum corneum of the epidermal cells and can accelerate the infiltration of other nutrients, so the urea becomes a foliar Fat is an important ingredient. First, the types of foliar fertilizer There are a wide variety of foliar fertilizers, varied, there are about hundreds of species across the country and as many as one thousand. Foliar fertilizer can be summarized into the following four categories according to its role and function: 1. Fertility foliar fertilizer: The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements contained in this type of foliar fertilizer are high in nutrient content, and its main function is Crops provide a variety of nutrients to improve the nutritional status of crops, especially for the supplementation of various nutrients at later stages of crop growth. 2. Regulated foliar fertilizers: These foliar fertilizers contain substances that regulate plant growth, such as auxin and hormones, and their main function is to regulate crop growth and development. Suitable for early and mid-plant growth. 3. Bio-foliar fertilizers: These fertilizers contain microorganisms and metabolites, such as amino acids, nucleotides, and nucleic acids. The main function is to stimulate crop growth, promote crop metabolism, reduce and prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. 4. Compound foliar fertilizers: There are many kinds of such foliar fertilizers, and the compound mixing forms are various. There are many functions, a kind of foliar fertilizer can provide nutrition, but also stimulate the development of growth control. Second, the benefits of spraying foliar fertilizer crops 1, to supplement the lack of root fertilization When crop root infertility occurs, such as in the late crop growth, root activity decline, suction capacity decreased; or when the soil environment is not conducive to crop growth, Excessive water, drought, soil acidity, and alkalinity cause the absorption of crop roots to be impeded, and crops need to recover rapidly. If the root method cannot meet the needs of crops in time, only the foliar spray can quickly supplement the crops. Nutrition, to meet the needs of crop growth and development. 2. Quickly replenish nutrients During the process of crop growth, the crop has already shown some nutrient deficiency, and the use of soil fertilization requires a certain amount of time for nutrients to be absorbed by the crops and cannot alleviate the symptoms of crop nutrient deficiency in time. When foliar fertilization is used at this time, the nutrients can quickly enter the plant through the leaves to solve the problem of nutrient deficiency. 3, give full play to the fertilizer effect of certain fertilizers such as phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and other fertilizers, if done as a root, easily fixed by the soil, affecting the application effect, and the use of foliar spray will not be limited by soil conditions. For example, some fruit trees and other deep-rooted crops have relatively small amounts of certain nutrient elements. If traditional root fertilizers are difficult to apply to root absorption sites, they cannot fully exert their fertility. Foliar spraying can achieve better results. effect. 4, to reduce the pollution of the soil A large number of nitrogen fertilizer on the soil, easily lead to nitrate accumulation in groundwater and vegetables, causing harm to human health. About 75% of the nitrates absorbed by humans come from vegetables. If foliar fertilization is adopted, reducing the amount of soil fertilization can reduce the nitrate content in the plant and the residual mineral nitrogen in the soil. In salinized soils, soil fertilization may increase the concentration of soil solution and increase soil salinization. The adoption of foliar fertilizer measures not only saves the amount of fertilizer but also reduces the pollution of soil and water sources. It is an effective fertilization technique that can kill both birds and birds. 5, economical profit Various trace elements are essential nutrients in the process of crop growth and development, but the application of a small amount, such as molybdenum fertilizer, only a few tens of grams per acre, if you are using the root method is not easy to apply uniform. Only adopting foliar spraying can achieve economic efficiency. According to research estimates, boron fertilizer is applied to foliar surfaces of general crops, and the boron utilization rate is 8.18 times that of basic plants. From an economic point of view, foliar spraying is more cost-effective than rooting. Third, pay attention to the application of foliar fertilizer process, vegetable spraying foliar fertilizer to vary from vegetable to vegetable (1) leaf vegetables. Such as cabbage, spinach, leek, etc. need more nitrogen, spray fertilizer should be based on urea, ammonium sulfate, spraying concentration of urea should be 1 ~ 2%, ammonium sulfate is 1.5%, sprayed 2 to 4 times per quarter, It is appropriate to spray in the early stage of growth. (2) fruits and vegetables. Such as pepper, eggplant, tomato, beans and various melons, the need for NPK more balanced, should use NPK mixed solution or compound fertilizer. Spray 1~2% urea with 0.3~0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed solution or 2% compound fertilizer solution. It is usually sprayed one or two times in the early and late stages of growth. Late spraying can prevent premature aging, enhance stamina, and has a good effect of increasing production. (3) Root vegetables. Such as garlic, onion, radish, potatoes, etc. need more phosphorus and potassium, leaf fertilizer can use 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 10% of the ash leaching liquid. Spraying 3 to 4 times per season is generally effective. 2. Select the appropriate spray concentration. The foliar fertilization concentration is directly related to the spraying effect. If the solution concentration is too high, the crop leaves may burn after spraying. If the solution concentration is too low, the workload will increase, and the nutritional requirements of the supplementary crop will not be met. Therefore, due to fertilizer, because of different crops in the application, according to local conditions and symptomatic preparation. 3, select the appropriate spraying method. The preparation solution should be uniform, spray mist should be uniform, and the spray times are needed. 4, master the spraying period. The period of foliar fertilization depends on the demand for nutrient elements at different stages of growth and development of various crops. When the requirements for crop nutrient elements are at the most urgent and most urgent time for spraying, the best results can be achieved. 5, choose the appropriate spraying time. The effect of foliar fertilization is directly related to temperature, humidity, wind force, etc. For foliar spraying, it is best to choose no-wind cloudy or high humidity, evaporation is small before 9 o'clock in the morning, the most suitable is After 4:00 pm, if there is rain after 3-4 hours after spraying, additional spraying is required. 6. Select the appropriate spray site. The upper, middle and lower parts of the plant's leaves and stalks are different in their ability to absorb nutrients due to their different metabolic activities. Therefore, appropriate spraying sites should be selected. 7, add additives. When spraying fertilizer solution on the leaf surface, appropriate additives are added to increase the adhesion of the fertilizer solution on the leaves of the plant and promote the absorption of the fertilizer. 8, combined with soil fertilization. Because the roots have a larger and more complete absorption system than the leaves, for large amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it has been determined that more than 10 times of foliar fertilization can achieve the total amount of nutrients absorbed by the roots. Therefore, foliar fertilization cannot completely replace the roots of crops and must be combined with root fertilization. Foliar fertilizer application is small, the effect is rapid and obvious, improving the utilization of fertilizer. It is an economical, effective and good fertilization measure, especially for some trace elements that are more unique in their foliar application. However, we should also see that the foliar fertilization work is more troublesome, the labor cost is also more, and at the same time vulnerable to climatic conditions, but also because of different crop types and growth periods, the effect of foliar fertilization is quite different. Therefore, we must apply the foliar fertilization technique correctly on the basis of root fertilization in order to give full play to the role of foliar fertilizer in increasing production and income.
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