Five characteristics of the current poultry disease epidemic
In recent years, with the development of large-scale development and abnormal climate change, poultry disease has become more and more serious in some areas in the north. This has not only brought economic losses to farmers, but also brought vexing workers to extremes. Major challenges, timely analysis of the prevalence of the current disease, the cause of the disease, have a very important significance for the prevention and control of disease.
First, more and more types of poultry diseases The current disease of poultry disease continues to occur, the emergence of new diseases, such as Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, Malik, chicken leek, poultry typhoid fever, E. coli disease, staphylococcal disease, ducks Old diseases such as cockroaches, gosling plagues and coccidiosis continue to occur and prevalent throughout the year. At the same time, many new diseases occur successively, such as egg-reducing syndrome, kidney-type and adeno-gastric infectious bronchitis, swollen head syndrome, and broiler chickens. Ascites syndrome, chicken viral arthritis, duckling viral hepatitis, etc.
In addition, many poultry infected with the disease have increased, and the trend of cross-infection between poultry and waterfowl has gradually emerged. Newcastle disease, for example, occurred only in chickens and turkeys in the past. However, in recent years, pigeons and cockroaches have occurred in typical cases. Another example is infectious bursal disease. In the past, only chicken disease occurred. In recent years, ducklings and goslings also have typical cases.
Second, pathogens appear to mutate, and atypical diseases have increased. In recent years, various poultry farms are undergoing immunization with various vaccines. However, many common vaccines are increasingly difficult to prevent and control certain diseases, leading to the fact that poultry after immunization do not It will certainly produce a strong protection, so when it comes to wild environmental pollution in the external environment, it will cause poultry disease.
In the course of the occurrence and epidemic of poultry disease, due to the variation of some pathogens, the clinical symptoms are atypical, and if the pathogenic virulence is weakened, the basic antibody level, individual differences and human factors of the flock in the immunization are also added. (Improper preservation of vaccines, inaccurate inoculation doses, unreasonable immunization procedures, etc.) result in low or inconsistent levels of immunity in the flock, resulting in some avian diseases becoming non-typical in terms of prevalence, symptoms, and pathological changes. The disease appears with new clinical symptoms and pathological changes, such as the current occurrence of atypical Newcastle disease is a clear example;
Some pathogenic virulence has increased, leading to immune failure despite immunization, such as Marek's disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus have emerged a very strong strain. To control the infection of very virulent strains, in addition to the scientific use of vaccines, the environmental pollution caused by the virus should be minimized, sanitation and disinfection should be strengthened, all adverse effects should be reduced, and the flock should be in a good environment.
Third, the risk of certain bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases has become increasingly serious. With the increase in the scale of poultry farms and the continuous expansion of their scale, environmental pollution has become more and more serious. Bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases have increased significantly. Less pathogens are widely present in the environment and can be transmitted through various pathways. These pathogenic microorganisms have become common bacteria in poultry farms.
In addition, some diseases that damage the immune system, such as infectious bursal disease, chicken infectious anemia, etc., have not been effectively controlled, resulting in a decrease in the immune function and resistance of some birds, thereby inducing the occurrence and prevalence of bacterial diseases. .
The more important reason is that farmers have blindly and heavily abused antibacterial drugs, which makes some common bacteria produce a strong resistance. Once the disease occurs, many drugs will not work. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen feeding and management, improve the disease resistance of the flocks, and strengthen environmental sanitation and rational use of medicines for effective control of bacterial diseases.
Fourth, mixed infections and secondary infections increase with the increase of the disease, the increase of the breeding density, coupled with lax environmental disinfection, inadequate preventive measures and other factors. Single pathogens have been rare in clinical practice. In many cases, two or more pathogens cause pathogenic effects on the same poultry, resulting in increased incidence of concurrent, secondary, and mixed infections in birds. Virus disease often occurs. Viral diseases, viral diseases and bacterial diseases, bacterial diseases and bacterial diseases, bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases occur at the same time, especially in mixed infections of Newcastle disease, mild influenza, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis and other viral diseases. Especially prominent is the combination of these viral diseases, which can easily lead to extremely high mortality in chickens.
Bacterial disease caused by mixed infections is not high mortality, but the course is longer, such as Newcastle disease and E. coli disease, E. coli and Mycoplasma disease, poultry and coccidiosis and other mixed infections.
The mixed infection of these multiple pathogens has brought great difficulties to the diagnosis and treatment of poultry diseases. Therefore, during the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the veterinary workers must distinguish the primary and secondary times, combine the clinical diagnosis with the laboratory test, make a comprehensive analysis, and make a correct judgment.
In addition, some different pathogens can also cause the same symptoms of diseases, such as respiratory diseases in poultry, must be distinguished.
Fifth, nutrient metabolism diseases and toxic diseases increase in nutrient metabolism and toxic diseases, the incidence is increasing day by day, of which the most is the minerals, trace elements, vitamin deficiency, feed Aspergillus flavus and drug poisoning.
Under the condition of large-scale poultry breeding, if raw materials are improperly processed or stored, vitamin oxidation and decomposition may be caused, which can easily cause the deficiency of certain vitamins and trace elements. Feed raw materials and drinking water are contaminated with mycotoxins, pesticides, chemical waste, etc. The addition of a large amount of drugs such as quinohexanol in the feed also easily causes poisoning. These nutritional metabolic diseases and toxic diseases have shown an increasing trend in clinical practice, causing some economic losses to the poultry industry, which should be taken seriously.
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