Feeding sorghum characteristics and production management

Many kinds of pasture can be used for dairy cows. When dairy farmers choose to plant pastures, they must consider the nutritional value of pastures and consider the specific requirements of different pastures for soil and climatic conditions. Feeding sorghum is one of the most widely available annual forage crops that can be grazing or post-harvest green feeding, silage, or hay. Growth characteristics of forage sorghum and corn. Forage sorghum is a warm-season annual forage crop, like corn, which is not tolerant to frost and begins to grow rapidly above 25°C. The root volume of forage sorghum per unit area is about twice that of corn, so the water absorption ability of the root system is stronger than that of corn, but the transpiration area of ​​the leaf occupies half of the corn, saving one third of the water used for planting corn (J. McKinlay and B. Wheeler, 1998). In severe drought, feed sorghum can enter dormancy, and once the drought is lifted, it will immediately resume growth, and corn will die. The ability to deliver corn is poor, and it can only be cut once in one growing season, while the feeding sorghum has strong tillering ability, can be regenerated after cutting, and can be cut and used several times during a growing season. The nutritional value of forage sorghum is generally considered to be low in nutritional value of forage sorghum. However, the nutritional value of forage sorghum and alfalfa and corn after silage comparison can be seen in the vegetative growth period of forage sorghum. Although the protein was lower than that of alfalfa, it was significantly higher than that of silage corn after heading; energy content and digestibility were slightly higher than that of alfalfa, which was comparable to silage corn. However, after the sorghum was fed to the grain-filling stage, its protein and energy content decreased significantly, and the fiber content increased significantly. The total digestibility decreased from 70% to 56%. Therefore, timely harvesting and utilization are the key to ensuring the nutritional value of forage sorghum. The nutritional value of forage sorghum is also related to the variety. Late-maturing varieties, such as Hercules cultivated in Australia, have a long period of vegetative growth, and the quality of forage grasses slows down. Early maturing species will soon enter the reproductive growth from vegetative growth, and the quality of pasture will decrease rapidly. In addition, the larger the leaves, the richer the leaves, and the finer the stalks, the better the quality, because the proteins are mainly present in the leaves. Sorghum stalks can be thinned by increasing seeding rates. For example, the number of acres planted by Hercules increased from 0.8 kg to 1.5 kg, the diameter of stems was reduced by about half, and the leaf-stem ratio was significantly increased. Planting and Management of Feeding Sorghum Before planting sowing, the land should be leveled so that the seedbeds are compact and the seeds are in substantial contact with the soil so that the seeds can germinate quickly and neatly. When the soil temperature reaches 18°C—21°C, sowing begins. The sowing depth of the clay is 2-3 cm, and the sowing depth of sandy soil is 5 cm. Sowing 0.5-1 kg/mu of dry land and 1.5 kg/mu of irrigated land. The low seeding rate, on the one hand, affects the yield in the previous period, on the other hand it will make the stem thicker. The spacing of 15-30 cm can control ground weeds well, but in arid regions, the row spacing can be increased to 70-100 cm. Although fertilized forage sorghum can adapt to a variety of soils and is resistant to thin, the highest yield can only be achieved with thick soil layers and sufficient water and fertilizer. Feeding sorghum requires similar amount of fertilizer to corn. When sowing per acre, it should apply 6.5-8.0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, and combine a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer. The amount of P and K fertilizers was determined based on the content of P and K in the soil. After each castration, 3.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer was applied per acre to promote the regeneration of feed sorghum. The nitrogen fertilizer should be 5 cm from the seed or 5 cm below the seed to avoid burning seedlings. The growth rate of harvested sorghum makes its yield and quality change rapidly. In the fast growing young period, its crude protein content is as high as 16%, and the green feed is succulent and refreshing. In the near-mature period, the crude protein content was reduced to 7% or less, the forage fiber content was increased, and the formed green feed was rough and low quality. In order to avoid the deterioration of forage quality, it should be cut in time when its height is 1-1.2 meters. In the dry season, it should be harvested at a height of 1.5 meters above Hercules to avoid livestock cyanhydride poisoning. The height of stay is 15-20 centimeters, which is most beneficial to the regeneration of Hercules. Comparison of the use of sorghum with corn. Corn can only be harvested once in the fall, after silage or direct use of straw. If it is not silage, silage nutrition protein and energy content is very low, silage quality is poor. Forage sorghum can be harvested many times, can be prepared into high-quality hay or grazing, can also be crushed in silage silage or directly packaged silage, the main domestic use of green feed, that is, feeding directly after the cast of livestock. The production of hay or green feeding should be carried out before the head of the forage sorghum or its height is up to 1 meter. The amount of hay protein prepared at this time is lower than that of alfalfa hay, but the energy content is the same as that of hay and alfalfa grass in a good natural meadow. When silage should be cast in the galactorrhea ripening period, because the quality of forage grass is still relatively good, the water content is also reduced to the appropriate level of silage. When grazing, heavy grazing should be carried out so that its height can be reduced to 15-20 cm in a few days, which is most conducive to its regeneration. Feeding sorghum varieties currently have fewer varieties of forage sorghum on the domestic market, and are mainly cultivated abroad. Hercules, a new breed of forage sorghum that grew in Australia, is one of the most sold in the country in recent years. The characteristics of late maturity of this variety are very obvious, with no or very little heading in northern regions. The output of Hercules is very high. If the water and fertilizer conditions of the soil are relatively good, its fresh grass production in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia is around 15 tons/mu. Moreover, the leaves are large, the ratio of stems and leaves is high, and the protein content is higher than that of ordinary varieties. Hercules has a strong ability to deliver and is therefore very regenerative. It can be quarried 4 to 5 times a year in places like Xinjiang. The young plants and leaves of sudanese hydrocyanic acid, feed sorghum, and high-sorghum grass contain chemicals that release hydrocyanic acid, but this does not affect their feed value. Note the following points to avoid hydrocyanic acid in livestock. First of all, avoid feeding fresh, fragile fresh grasses to hungry livestock, especially during the dry season. Do not grazing or green feeding until the sorghum height reaches 1.2 meters. Secondly, adaptive training should be carried out before feeding livestock with sorghum. When the first grazing or green feeding is performed, the animals should be fed first, and the livestock should be adapted to green feeding or grazing directly after two times. Adequate water. Adding salt and sulfur-containing minerals to livestock can also reduce the harmful effects of hydrocyanic acid. During the production of silage and preparation of hay, most of the hydrocyanic acid in the forage sorghum evaporates and does not cause livestock poisoning. But be careful not to feed the animal with fresh sorghum fresh grass for one night, because it will release hydrogen cyanide when heated and become a poisonous feed. Feeding sorghum has the characteristics of drought tolerance, thin tolerance, and high photosynthetic efficiency. It is important to promote planting in various parts of China, and it plays an important role in promoting the development of animal husbandry, increasing the income of farmers, and increasing the utilization rate of land and water resources.

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