Essential points for efficient fertilization in pear cultivation
Hebei Province is one of the main producing areas of pears in China. However, in the current production and cultivation of pears in Hebei Province, there are still problems of blind or empirical fertilization. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers, unreasonable proportion of nutrients, application of fully decomposed organic fertilizers and heavy chemical fertilizers Fertilizers and other phenomena have caused problems such as a decline in the yield and quality of agricultural products, aggravation of pests and diseases, accumulation of soil nutrients, and low fertilizer utilization. Therefore, scientific and rational fertilization is an important measure to improve nutrient use efficiency and soil fertility, which is of great significance for the high-quality and efficient production of pears and the sustainable development of pear orchards.
First, the principle of scientific fertilization in pear garden
The amount of fertilizer applied was determined according to the principle of target yield and nutrient demand of pear fruit.
1. The production level is between 2000 and 2500 kg/mu: 1 to 2 cubic meters per mu of fermented compost or 500 to 800 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer (the recommended organic fertilizer for cattle and sheep manure is 700-800 kg/mu, chicken and pig manure products). Organic fertilizer recommended 500 ~ 600 kg / acre). Chemical nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15 ~ 20 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7 ~ 9 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 13 ~ 18 kg / mu.
2. The production level is 3000~3500kg/mu: fermented compost 2～3 cubic meters/mu or commercial organic fertilizer 800～1000kg (bovine, sheep manure commodity organic fertilizer recommended 1000kg/mu, chicken, pig manure commodity organic fertilizer Recommended 800 kg / mu). Chemical nitrogen fertilizer 25 ~ 28 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 12 ~ 14 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 20 ~ 25 kg / mu.
3. The production level is above 4000 kg/mu: fermented compost is 3~4 cubic meters/mu or commercial organic fertilizer is 1000-1200 kg (the recommended organic fertilizer for cattle and sheep manure is 1200 kg/mu, and the recommended organic fertilizer for chicken and pig manure is 1000 kg. /mu). Chemical nitrogen fertilizer 30 ~ 32 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 14 ~ 16 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 25 ~ 28 kg / mu.
Second, the proportion of fertilization in different periods
The base fertilizer is generally applied by organic and inorganic application. On the basis of applying organic fertilizer, 30% of the total amount of pure nitrogen in chemical fertilizer, 70% of total P2O5 of chemical fertilizer, and 30% of total K2O of chemical fertilizer are applied.
The application time of top dressing has certain differences due to the different tree potentials. On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, it is generally carried out in the germination stage, the fruit expansion period (before bagging), and the second expansion period of the fruit (after bagging). 30% of the total amount of pure nitrogen in the germination period, 30% of the total amount of chemical fertilizer P2O5, 30% of the total amount of chemical fertilizer K2O; fruit expansion period (20% of the total amount of pure nitrogen applied to the chemical fertilizer before bagging and K2O) 20% of the total amount and 20% of the total amount of pure nitrogen in the fertilizer and 20% of the total amount of K2O in the second expansion period of the fruit (after bagging).
Third, scientific fertilization advice
1. According to soil fertility, organic fertilizer dosage and yield, adjust the amount of NPK fertilizer; according to the growth strength of pear tree, increase or decrease the number and dosage of top dressing.
2. With the aim of fertilizing soil fertility, increase the application of organic fertilizers and promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. If more organic fertilizers are applied, the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers applied in autumn can be reduced as appropriate.
3. Pay attention to the combined application of trace element fertilizers such as calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese and iron. Calcium deficiency in pear trees can be applied to the surface of commercial foliar calcium or 0.3% to 0.5% amino acid calcium; magnesium deficiency is usually sprayed with 0.2% to 0.3% magnesium sulfate from June to July; iron deficiency can be sprayed with yellow leaves 200 times solution of diammonium sulphate or 0.2% to 0.3% ferrous sulfate solution; manganese deficiency can be sprayed with 0.2% to 0.3% manganese sulfate solution, sprayed once every 2 weeks, even spray 2 times; zinc deficiency It can spray 0.2% zinc sulphate plus 0.3% urea solution; boron deficiency can spray 0.5% borax plus 0.5% urea solution three times before defoliation.
4. It is recommended to add bio-organic fertilizer or agricultural microbial agents to the old pear orchard with higher age.
5. According to the irrigation situation, adjust the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to avoid nitrogen leaching to deep soil.
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