Efficient feeding and management of laying hens

First, brooding feeding management 1, brooding temperature. The starting temperature of the brooding house must be guaranteed at 34°C-35°C. Humidity, in addition to wet ground water disinfection, it is best to boil water, add appropriate amount of disinfectant in the water, use steam distribution humidification and disinfection. 2, nutrition supply. Feeding brooding diets with traditional feeding supplies: energy 11.7 MJ/kg-11.9 MJ/kg, protein 18%. High-efficiency feeding and feeding brooding dietary concentration: 12.1MJ/kg-12.5MJ/kg, about 21% protein, can be used directly broilers 0-21 day feed. Practice has proved that high-concentration diet brooding is conducive to the growth and development of chicks, with satisfactory results. The nutrient supply during the brooding period is divided into two stages: 0-3 weeks of feed concentration: energy 12.1MJ/kg-12.5MJ/kg, about 21% of the egg quality; the feed concentration is 4 weeks and after: the energy is kept constant, Protein is reduced to about 19%. High-efficiency feeding management The core content of the brooding period is to fully utilize the characteristics of fast growth of chicks before 5 weeks of age, supply high-concentration feeds to meet the growth needs of the chicks, and maximize the development of their body shape 5 weeks ago. 3, 5 weeks weight and uniformity requirements. There is a strong positive correlation between the five-week-old body weight and the main performance indicators of the laying period. The larger the body weight at the age of 5 weeks, the higher the performance indicators and the higher the survival rate. Uniformity is a key indicator for cultivating reserve chickens for compliance. Through the correct evaluation of uniformity, it is possible to predict the orderliness of chicken production, the increasing rate of egg production, the peak of egg production, and the duration of peak egg production. The assessment of chickens: uniformity of 80%-85%, is a qualified chicken; evenness of 85% -90%, is a good chicken; evenness of more than 90%, for excellent chickens. 4, brooding light management. Under normal circumstances, the principle of use of light during the brooding period is decrement and then constant: 1-3 days: according to 24h, illumination 4 watts/m2; 4 to the end of the night: reducing the hours per night 0.5h, illumination 3 watts / M2; 5 weeks: natural light 10h; 6 weeks: natural light 9h; 7-9 weeks: natural light 8h. 5. The significance of double standards of weight and length. Body weight is positively correlated with body size. In this way, body weight and length are the double standards for the size of the chicks, and they collectively represent the results of the brooding. If the quail is long and light, or if it is long and short, the chickens in these grades are low-yielding chickens; only the chickens that are long-term and weight-matched are high-yielding chickens. Therefore, in order to cultivate high-yielding hens, it is necessary to focus on cultivating chicks for brooding during the brooding period, that is, grasping both the weight of the chicks and the longevity of the broilers. Second, rearing and management of the breeding period 1. Mature body during the growing period. Excessive weight, appropriate reduction in its energy; weight does not meet the standard, properly increase its material energy. Normally the energy in the material is increased by adding fats and oils. To regulate body weight, you can also use the method of addition and subtraction. In the later stages of gestation, body weight at 18 weeks of age is more important. The 18-week-old body weight was positively correlated with the final egg production and egg weight. The 18-week-old and 5-week-old echoes are two key periods in a chicken's life. Therefore, the date of production is advanced, and in the later stage of target management, the population uniformity should be consistently maintained at 90% or more. Otherwise, the chickens will not be able to produce a regular production, and the amount of egg production will be unsatisfactory. 2, sexual maturity during the maturity. Sexual maturity in the rearing period is related to protein and light in the feed. In order to control sexual maturity and maintain the consistency of the development and sexual development of the gilt hens, it is best to use constant light for 8 hours from the late brooding period to the late stage of brooding, and the maximum can not be higher than 10h. Only in this way can the light stimulation be produced in the late stage of bred and pre-production. Strong and effective response, otherwise, the light stimulation effect is not good. 3. In the late gestation period, mature and sexual maturation of chicken populations are regulated. After 12 weeks of age, it is called the late growth period, and after 12 weeks of age is an important period for chickens to prepare for physical fitness. The open chicken house uses only natural light in the later stages of rearing. Regardless of whether the chicken is in season or in season, the natural light is higher than 8 hours, which inevitably accelerates sexual development. In order to meet this trend of sexual development, the nutrient supply in the later period of development remains unchanged at the early stage, ie feed energy 11.7MJ/kg, protein 15%-16%, and the supply of low-nutrient feed (energy 11.3MJ/kg , protein 12%) practice. In this way, high-concentration feeds will promote body development, body weight gain, body maturation, and high concentrations of feed and natural light must promote sexual development and sexual maturation. With the help of the trend and the adjustment of factors, the late fining period has become a critical period for the chickens to achieve “two early mornings” (early production and early egg production peaks). Factors controlling performance will be demonstrated in the following two indicators: 1 The first egg weight - showing the degree of maturity of the individual body; 2 The neat degree of opening - the rate of increase in the rate of egg production entering the peak period of egg production - This shows that the group is mature and regular. During the breeding period, especially in the later stage of cultivating, it is necessary to light up the light on cloudy days and rain, otherwise it will affect sexual development and will directly affect the egg production of the chickens in the future. Third, the egg production and management 1, supply of pre-production materials. Traditional husbandry takes 19 weeks, 20 weeks and 21 weeks as the due date. Efficient rearing management is based on the post-breeding period, when the body weight reaches the start of production and the egg production rate is 5%. The pre-production material supplied during the pre-production period is a mixture of high-density feed (protein 15%-16%) and 1/2 production peak (protein 17%-18%) at the late stage of 1/2 rearing. High-efficiency feeding of pre-production nutrition is significantly higher than the traditional feeding of pre-production nutrition. High-nutrition pre-production materials will undoubtedly guarantee the opening of nutrient requirements and help maintain long-term high yields. 2, supply egg production peak material. The number of chickens produced is up to 5%, which means that the peak of production is replaced. The peak concentration of egg production is: energy 11.91MJ/kg, crude protein 17% -18%. At this time, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the feed has been placed in a prominent position. In order to meet the peak of egg production, the calcium content in the feed is required to reach 3%-4%, and the available phosphorus is 0.4%-0.45%. However, according to the physiological characteristics of chicken eggs, the calcification time of eggshells is mainly at night, so it is recommended that the calcium content in the feed should be properly left. Once a day, from 3:00 to 4:00 pm, the shells will be replenished once more. This will help The direct absorption and utilization of calcium can improve egg shell quality, and feed palatability is good due to low calcium content in feed. 3, light production management period (1) pre-production period of light. Illumination time is 12h and illumination is 3 watts/m2. (2) Beginning with an egg production rate of 5%, increase the lighting time by 0.5h per week until reaching the peak of egg production. Finally, the light is constant at 16h and the illumination is 3 watts/m2. (3) The peak egg production ends and the landslide starts. When the egg production rate slides to 70%, 16.5 hours light time and 3 watts/m2 illumination; when the egg production rate slides to 50%, the illumination time is 17 hours, and the illumination is 3 watts. M2; 17h light to maintain the chicken out. 4, during the egg production temperature. Chicken house temperature 22 °C -28 °C, the highest egg production rate. However, practice has shown that keeping temperature above 4°C does not significantly affect the egg production rate and egg weight. In the absence of equipment conditions in the broiler house, the author advocates low laying temperature environment for laying eggs.