Dry planting techniques in peach trees
1 Construction conditions
Peach trees have the characteristics of shallow root system, poor water resistance, and high oxygen demand for growth activities. Therefore, the areas with high soil permeability and low groundwater level (less than 1m) should be selected when constructing a garden. At the same time, the reconstruction of the old Taoyuan Garden should be avoided because the phenomenon of heavy pods has a great influence on the growth of peach trees. If peach plants are planted in this region, they often show weak tree vigor, multiple pests and diseases, poor planting ability of new planting peach seedlings, and short and thin branches. , indirectly affecting production.
2 species selection
The current planting varieties in Qian'an City include Huangqi, Nectarine, Qingfeng, Jiubao, National Day Red, and Chinese St. Peach. The following principles should be followed when selecting varieties:
1 The principle of suitable trees. Before planting, we must fully consider the local climate, water conditions, etc., select the varieties suitable for local cultivation, and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings.
2 The principle of economy and efficiency. Choose a species with fast growing tree and high fruit setting rate. It is better not to pollinate artificially, saving time and labor.
3 The principle of market demand orientation. According to the market demand and people's consumption habits, reasonable allocation of early, middle and late varieties, high-yield varieties can be appropriate to plant more, mature period should be staggered in order to meet the market at different times for the needs of fresh peach.
4 Properly equipped pollination tree. Although peaches are self-pollinated, cross-pollination can significantly increase fruit set and fruit quality. A certain pollination tree can be configured according to actual conditions.
3 Tree advantages
Peach trees are light and airy, so they must be fully taken into consideration when selecting the tree. In modern agriculture, the management of fruit trees tends to be subtraction, and the production of fruit trees is added. In the dry trunk, there is only one stubborn and erect permanent trunk, and the horizontal branches on the trunk are temporary branches. Compared with the traditional tree shape, the trunk shape is more suitable for high-density planting. The tree structure is simple and reasonable, and the layers are distinct. The branches do not overlap and overlap. It is suitable for sightseeing and picking. As the tree shape is simple and clear, the lighting conditions are greatly improved, and the utilization of light energy is high. Regardless of the fruit yield or the color and traits of the fruit, there is a significant improvement. Planting shows that under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, the output will be produced after the first year of the planting, and the yield in the third year will reach about 2500kg, and the yield in the high yield period will reach 2500~3000kg, which meets the fruitful expectation of fruit growers for quick and short fruit cycle. .
4 Fertilization Management
Peach trees are hi-fat, so in the peach tree growth management process, it is necessary to focus on different characteristics of different nutrient elements in different periods, and carry out targeted fertilization. For example, in the budding stage, the new leaf growth requires a large amount of nitrogen in the soil, and urea and other available nitrogen fertilizers can be applied 1 to 2 weeks before germination to supplement the depletion of nutrients in the soil in previous years, thereby strengthening the root system and expanding the area of ​​the leaves. Improve fruit setting rate. In the strong fruit period, the demand of peach trees is mainly potassium fertilizer. Combined with available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, they can be applied when the fruit begins to harden, which can effectively promote fruit enlargement and increase fruit yield. After harvesting, organic fertilizers should be used to restore leaf function quickly to prepare fruit trees for nutrient storage. It can also improve the problem of soil compaction, increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the soil, and improve the root survival environment of fruit trees. After many years of continuous tracking, it is known that the application of sufficient organic manure between peach trees, annual organic fertilizer 3000-5000kg per acre, can effectively reduce the annual size of fruit trees, so that fruit production maintained at the level of high yield.
With the advancement of science and technology, soil testing and fertilization are gaining popularity. Testing the soil can more intuitively reflect the basic conditions of soil fertility, provide scientific basis for fine management of orchards, and enable managers to clearly understand the different stages of fruit tree growth for fertility. The needs of the staff for the scientific fertilization, fine management to do a staff assistant, and save costs.
5 Trim Management
Compared with the traditional happy shape, mid-dry pruning generally does not perform short cuts, and the main focus is to control strong and weak, large and small, and save time and labor. In the first year of planting, we did not take care of our hands when we were in shape. Since we were in a dominant position, we could take shape in that year. Plastic surgery should pay attention to the backbone branches can not slant, can be inserted when the seedlings about 50cm high bamboo bundles to ensure that the backbone of the stand upright. After entering the full fruit period, summer pruning limits the growth of lateral branches, encourages the concentration of energy on flower buds, and allows them to form a sufficient number of flower buds on the new branches of the year to maintain good production for the next year. Pruning methods are generally used in winter, and the new branches are only cut and used for the results in the year; the overlapping branches and excessive branches are removed, and old branches that have already been fruited in the previous year are removed. Annual output. At the same time, diseased pests should be promptly removed to ensure the health of the tree.
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