Dairy cattle full-mix diet feeding technical points
Dairy cattle full-mix diet feeding technology referred to as TMR is one of the techniques determined by Heilongjiang province's Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau in 2010 to select livestock husbands. The following selection of "How to use TMR technology to alleviate heat stress" and "How to increase the energy of TMR diets? Concentration to relieve heat stress "and other technical points for reference of farmers.
How to use TMR technology to reduce heat stress Regularly analyze raw materials and diets to ensure accurate rations and feed cows with the same diet.
Minimize dietary changes to prevent loss of appetite.
A small number of feeds are given daily to facilitate feeding, and at the same time, sufficient feed must be ensured for the cows to feed.
Feed at the coolest time of the day. Provide plenty of feed trough space. Provide sufficient, convenient and clean drinking water. Increase the dietary energy and other nutrient concentrations to make up for the lack of feed intake, and use dietary supplements based on actual feed intake. By increasing the concentrate content in the diet to increase the energy concentration, excessive fermentable carbohydrates should be avoided to prevent ruminal acidosis.
Appropriate proportions of fat are added to the diet to increase energy concentration and efficiency.
Feed enough dietary fiber to maintain rumen function.
By enhancing the application of quality roughage, the total amount of roughage in the diet should be reduced as much as possible.
Ensure proper protein quantity and quality, avoid excessive rumen degradable protein.
Ensure appropriate levels of minerals and vitamins, especially minerals and vitamins associated with the immune system.
Assess the levels of certain specific minerals that have proven beneficial during the hot season. For example K, Na, Mg.
Use feed additives that are proven to be beneficial to the condition of your herd, such as rumen-resistant fat, combe. Clean the manger daily to prevent feed deterioration. TO was used to ensure a consistent diet intake consistency, reducing raw material grading and dairy cow picky eaters.
How to increase the energy concentration of TMR diet to alleviate the heat stress increase the proportion of concentrate feed in the diet, reduce the proportion of roughage, so as to increase the energy concentration of the diet, can solve the cow heat stress. However, this practice often leads to the following consequences: (1) The proportion of acetic acid:propionic acid in the cow's rumen volatile fatty acids is reduced, and the milk fat percentage of milk decreases.
(2) The activity of fibrinolytic bacteria in the rumen of cows is inhibited, resulting in decreased digestibility of crude fiber and a decrease in ruminal pH of cows. Cows are susceptible to laminitis, liver abscess, and fourth gastric dislocation. Severe causes Acidosis.
(3) The use of special feed ingredients with high net energy content in milk production in combination with diets can effectively increase the energy concentration of the diet without increasing the ratio of refined and coarse diets, and will not have any adverse effects on the health of cows. Ruminant animal feed used for rumen fat is the preferred raw material for this special feed.
(4) The energy value of fat is higher, and the energy content of fat of the same weight is 2.25 times the energy content of carbohydrates of the same weight. Therefore, the addition of fat to the dairy cow diet has little effect on the fine and coarse diet.
(5) Fat does not cause a decrease in ruminal pH in dairy cows as does carbohydrates.
(6) The energy concentration of the diet can thus be increased without any side effects, so that the energy needs are met without increasing the dry matter intake of the cow, and all the adverse consequences caused by insufficient energy are avoided.
How to use TMR technology to reduce heat stress Regularly analyze raw materials and diets to ensure accurate rations and feed cows with the same diet.
Minimize dietary changes to prevent loss of appetite.
A small number of feeds are given daily to facilitate feeding, and at the same time, sufficient feed must be ensured for the cows to feed.
Feed at the coolest time of the day. Provide plenty of feed trough space. Provide sufficient, convenient and clean drinking water. Increase the dietary energy and other nutrient concentrations to make up for the lack of feed intake, and use dietary supplements based on actual feed intake. By increasing the concentrate content in the diet to increase the energy concentration, excessive fermentable carbohydrates should be avoided to prevent ruminal acidosis.
Appropriate proportions of fat are added to the diet to increase energy concentration and efficiency.
Feed enough dietary fiber to maintain rumen function.
By enhancing the application of quality roughage, the total amount of roughage in the diet should be reduced as much as possible.
Ensure proper protein quantity and quality, avoid excessive rumen degradable protein.
Ensure appropriate levels of minerals and vitamins, especially minerals and vitamins associated with the immune system.
Assess the levels of certain specific minerals that have proven beneficial during the hot season. For example K, Na, Mg.
Use feed additives that are proven to be beneficial to the condition of your herd, such as rumen-resistant fat, combe. Clean the manger daily to prevent feed deterioration. TO was used to ensure a consistent diet intake consistency, reducing raw material grading and dairy cow picky eaters.
How to increase the energy concentration of TMR diet to alleviate the heat stress increase the proportion of concentrate feed in the diet, reduce the proportion of roughage, so as to increase the energy concentration of the diet, can solve the cow heat stress. However, this practice often leads to the following consequences: (1) The proportion of acetic acid:propionic acid in the cow's rumen volatile fatty acids is reduced, and the milk fat percentage of milk decreases.
(2) The activity of fibrinolytic bacteria in the rumen of cows is inhibited, resulting in decreased digestibility of crude fiber and a decrease in ruminal pH of cows. Cows are susceptible to laminitis, liver abscess, and fourth gastric dislocation. Severe causes Acidosis.
(3) The use of special feed ingredients with high net energy content in milk production in combination with diets can effectively increase the energy concentration of the diet without increasing the ratio of refined and coarse diets, and will not have any adverse effects on the health of cows. Ruminant animal feed used for rumen fat is the preferred raw material for this special feed.
(4) The energy value of fat is higher, and the energy content of fat of the same weight is 2.25 times the energy content of carbohydrates of the same weight. Therefore, the addition of fat to the dairy cow diet has little effect on the fine and coarse diet.
(5) Fat does not cause a decrease in ruminal pH in dairy cows as does carbohydrates.
(6) The energy concentration of the diet can thus be increased without any side effects, so that the energy needs are met without increasing the dry matter intake of the cow, and all the adverse consequences caused by insufficient energy are avoided.
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