Coprinus comatus quality and efficient planting techniques

Coprinus comatus is cultivated in two ways: bag planting and planting. The bags are easy to grow into clusters and produce mushrooms. The mushrooms are not uniform, and the production is greatly affected, which seriously affects the commodity value. With the internationalization of edible mushroom trade and the development of production standardization, merchants have put forward higher requirements for sensory indicators of Coprinus comatus. Planting and labor-saving plants are labor-saving, uniform, uniform, and high-quality, and should be vigorously promoted. I. Shed construction and site treatment Shed construction: Shelter is generally north and south, north to south and south, leaving 30cm diameter vents before and after, every 8-10cm, side entrance and exit has a buffer room, the top cover a large greenhouse film, film cover Between grasshoppers and grasshoppers, a light clearance of 3- to 5cm is allowed. It is advisable to read newspapers in the light of the shed. General standard shed 40mx8m. 2. Do the trick: Leave a sidewalk in the shed, and then dig a pit to build a mall. The sidewalk is 1m wide, 0.5m wide, 1.2m wide, and 15cm deep. 3. Site treatment: Before the culture materials are put into the shed for 4 to 5 days, a layer of lime powder is sprinkled in the mortar. The dosage is about 500g/m2, and then the floodwater is flooded again; after 3 days, the inside of the pot is white and cracked. 5% of the lime water is sprayed evenly on the walls, walkways, sidewalks, and then sprayed with cypermethrin 2000 times. One day before entering the shed, the culture materials were sprayed to the shed for 200 times the mushroom net or ddvp, 15 kg per 100 m 2 of mushroom shed, and then fumigated with formaldehyde or sulphur (formaldehyde 10 g/m 3 or sulfur 15 - 20g/m3). Second, the culture formula Now introduce the 5 commonly used formula of culture materials: Formula one: cottonseed husk 40%, corncob 43.3%, wheat straw 5%, wheat bran 5%, cake fat 1.5%, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 1%, urea 0.2% 1% of plaster, 3% of lime. Formulation 2: corn cob 85%, wheat bran 8%, cake fat 1.5%, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 1%, urea 0.2%, gypsum 1%, lime 3.3%. Formula 3: 75% cottonseed hull, 15% wheat straw, 4% wheat bran, 1% cake fat, 1% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1% plaster, and 3% lime. Formulation 4: cottonseed husk 30%, corn stalk 57%, wheat bran 5.6%, cake fat 1.5%, urea 0.3%, gypsum 1%, lime 3%, calcium superphosphate 1.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1% . Formula 5: cottonseed husk 40%-50%, wheat bran 6%, cake fat 1.5%, gypsum 1%, lime 3%--3.3%, peanut shell 50%--40%, calcium superphosphate 1%. For every 100 square meters of cultivated area, put 2000kg of dry material and add 2kg of em starter. Third, ingredients 1. Pretreatment of culture materials: Crop stalks are crushed or cut into 2cm-long sections in advance, corncob powder is crushed into pieces with a diameter of 0.8-1cm, and pre-wet and softened with 2% lime water 1 day before mixing; cake flour is powdered into powder , pre-wet with water; wheat bran, cake fat, calcium magnesium phosphate, gypsum, em hair drunk and other materials mixed into a small spare. 2. Mixing: Choose concrete floor or tile floor as the mixing ground. The main materials to be prepared shall be tiled on the floor and piled into long strips. Then add water to the material (water ratio 1:1.3) and step on the foot while adding water. Mix the water well. Small material is dispensed into the material surface in several grades or once, in which dry lime powder is directly scattered and urea is dissolved in water. Then the material is mixed evenly, the water content is controlled between 55% and 60%, and the ph value is above 8. Fourth, build a heap fermentation. Build the heap: stack the mixed cultivation materials into long piles with a height of 0.8m, a width of 1.2--1.5m, and a length depending on the amount of material; a diameter of 3-5em is to be made every 0.5m around the stack. The pores reach the ground from top to bottom and then the film is kept warm. When the material temperature reaches 55°C, the first time, 10-12 hours after the start of the first turn. 2. Turning the pile: Turning the pile requires upper and lower inner and outer transposition. During the first turning, use 2% lime water to adjust the water content so that the water content reaches 55%--60%; after the stack is piled, re-build the pile and punch , film-covered fermentation, turning the same time as above, usually turning 4-4-5 times, when the color of the fermentation material is brown, there are a large number of actinomycetes, non-sticky, non-odor, fermentation scent when the end of the fermentation. 3. Drying: After the end of the fermentation, the raw material was started, the temperature of the material was lowered to 30°C, and the moisture content was adjusted to 65%, and the ph value was adjusted to 7.5--8. One day before feeding into the shed, 1000 times the cypermethrin was sprayed on the surface of the material pile, or 200 times the ddvp, and then 5% of the formaldehyde was finally sprayed on the surface to wait for entry into the shed. Fifth, sowing germs 1. Bacterial treatment: The surface of the bacteria bag is soaked and sterilized with 0.1% Kemeiling. After the bag is broken, the strains are diced into 1.2-1.5cm diameter pieces and placed in the pot for use. 2. Sowing: The fermented material is transported to the shed, and the material is sown and then sown. This is done three times. Each time the amount of material is 1/3, the thickness is about 5cm, and the seeding rate is 30%, 30% and 40%, respectively. The seeding rate is 4kg. After sowing, lightly flatten with a disinfecting wood board to allow the material and strains to bind tightly. The surface is sprayed with 0.1% kemycin, and the black film is covered with a block of soil. 3. Fungus management: After sowing, the temperature in the shed is controlled at 25°C, the material temperature does not exceed 28°C, and the relative humidity of the air is 65%--70%. The air in the shed is required to be fresh. The first three days of general insulation and moisturizing are not ventilated. Starting from the fourth day, the film should be ventilated once a day and properly ventilated. Six, cover soil and earth cover management Soil selection: Select a soil with good air permeability, large water holding capacity, no pests, no impurities, and no harmful substances. It is advisable to use clay and vegetable garden soil. Excavate below 20cm of surface soil and use 9-mesh sieve to remove large pieces. 2. Cover soil material preparation: every 100 square meters of cultivation surface with 4 cubic meters of cover soil, add lime 80kg, Kegyolin 4kg, ddvp700ml, after mixing, the water content was adjusted to 20%, that is, hand into a group, landing that is scattered. Each cubic meter of soil cover with 10% 5% formaldehyde solution, while the edge of the spray, and then cover the film stuffy 48--72 hours, opened again and again to disperse the formaldehyde flavor back. 3. Covering soil and management: 7--10 days after sowing, when the mycelium grows down to 3--4cm, it can be covered with soil. The thickness of the cover should be uniform and the surface should be flat with a thickness of 3--4cm. The middle is slightly higher than the two sides. , Immediately after covering the soil. After 17--18 days, if a small bud appears, immediately lift the membrane for mushroom management. Seventh, after the mushrooming management removes the film, spray moisture, so that the air humidity to maintain about 85%, when the water spray to the air; prohibit the water spray to the material surface, timely ventilation after spraying, it should be noted that the wind can not be blown directly Raw material and mushroom buds. It is advisable to keep the temperature in the shed at 16--18°C, and strictly control the light to prevent direct sunlight and affect the mushroom quality. Eight, harvesting from budding to seven mature, generally takes about 7 days, mushroom body height can be harvested to 4cm. When harvesting, hold the lower part of the mushroom shank, gently rotate and pull up, do not pull the mushroom shank. After harvesting, scrape off impurities with bamboo or glass and remove the old mycorrhizal and soil from the base along the direction of the mushroom stem. By adopting the above cultivation method, the biological efficiency is over 150%, the first-class mushroom rate is over 80%, and the benefit is very considerable, and it is suitable for the application of external processing and export and domestic supermarket production base.