Common Chinese cabbage cultivation technology
Common cabbage is referred to as cabbage, green vegetables, and Chinese cabbage. Common cabbage has a wide variety, short growing period, heat and cold resistance, wide adaptability, and can be produced and supplied on an annual basis. Common cabbage products are fresh and nutritious, and are popular among the masses.
(1) Biological characteristics
Leaves open, with obvious petioles, small plant shape, short growing period.
The root of common Chinese cabbage is the fibrous root, which has a shallow distribution and strong regeneration ability, and is suitable for seedling transplanting. The stems of the vegetative growth period are shortened, but the stem segments are easily elongated under the conditions of high temperature and excessive dense planting. The leaf body tissue is thick and hairless, the leaves are mostly flat, and a few are shrunken and unintentional.
It needs a cool climate, preferably 15-20 °C, and under high temperature conditions above 25 °C, it is poorly grown and prone to viral diseases.
The optimum temperature for germination of common cabbage seeds is 20-25 °C. After the seed germination, it will pass the vernalization stage under the condition of lower temperature below 15 °C. Spring sowing and autumn sowing can be convulsed in the same year. In cultivation, attention should be paid to selecting varieties and sowing dates to prevent early convulsions.
According to its different reaction to low temperature, winter is strong and weak, and can be divided into the following three categories.
(1) Spring seed germination seeds or adult plants (the same below) can be passed through the vernalization stage after being treated at 0-12 °C for less than 10 days or without low temperature treatment.
(2) Winter varieties need to pass the vernalization stage after 10-30 days at 0-12 °C.
(3) The strong winter varieties need to pass the vernalization stage after 40 days or more at a low temperature of 0-5 °C.
(2) Types and varieties
Ordinary cabbage can be roughly divided into small cabbage, collapsed vegetables and rapeseed according to the shape.
(3) Cultivation techniques
Cultivation season
It can be cultivated in all seasons in warm regions, mainly in the three seasons of autumn, winter, spring and summer.
(1) Autumn and winter cabbage Chinese cabbage is the most important production variety in autumn and winter, with high yield and good quality. The Yangtze River Basin can be sown and nursed from September to October. The collapsed vegetables are more resistant to cold and can be delayed until the end of September. The vegetable meal is planted early in August-September. North China is planted from August to September.
(2) Spring cabbage The North China region is planted in February-April and is the main vegetable supplied in spring. In order to prevent premature convulsions, it is advisable to choose varieties with strong winter and late twitching, such as slow in April and slow in May.
(3) Summer small cabbage in the northern region, the winter is cold, the growing season is short, and more autumn and spring cultivation. In recent years, North China has adopted plastic film covering to implement autumn extension and early cultivation in spring.
2. Sowing and seedling
Because of the strong regeneration ability of the Chinese cabbage, it is resistant to transplanting and multi-line seedling transplanting.
The nursery site should choose soil that has not been planted with the same vegetables, water retention and fertility, and good drainage. In order to improve the bed temperature, small arch sheds are often used for seedling raising. The temperature in autumn is suitable, the amount of seed per acre is 0.75-1 kg, and it should be increased to 1.5-2.5 kg in early spring and summer.
In order to cultivate strong seedlings, the amount of sowing should not be too large, and the density will cause the seedlings to grow up and advance early. It will also rotten in the hot season. After the seedlings are unearthed, and the time seedlings remove the weeds. After the seedlings are out, it is advisable to apply the diluted manure water 2-3 times. Pay attention to timely watering and draining. During the nursery period, we must pay special attention to the treatment of sputum and the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
Cabbage is suitable for close planting. The density of colonization not only makes the product soft and tender, but also increases the yield, and it can lower the soil temperature and reduce the risk of viral diseases in the higher temperature season. Generally, only 7500-8000 plants are planted per acre. As a spring cabbage, the plants are easily twitched and the density can be increased to 10,000-11,000 plants.
3. Field management
The cabbage is mainly made up of rosette leaves. The 8-10 leaves that were grown in the early stage have been peeled off by the yellow when they are harvested.
In the early stage of the growth of pakchoi, the management center is required to increase the number of leaves per plant as soon as possible, and quickly reach a sufficient number of leaves and leaf area, and increase the leaf weight of individual plants in the late growth stage. Therefore, sufficient fertilizer should be continuously supplied during the growth period. After emergence and transplanting, the seedlings should be continuously applied every 3 to 4 days to promote seedling growth. As the plant grows rapidly, it is applied 1-2 times of heavy fertilizer. Fertilization should be reduced or stopped 10-15 days before harvest. Spring cabbage should be applied in the winter before or in the early spring to promote growth. Summer and autumn cabbage must also pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
4. Harvest
The harvest period of Chinese cabbage is not strict, and 4-5 true leaves can be harvested in stages or once.
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