Between enthusiasm and questioning: How should we go for precision medicine?
To ask what is the hottest thing in the field of medical technology in the past two years, "precise medicine" can be said to be doing its part. In China, all kinds of precision medical centers are blooming everywhere; related topics and articles are favored, and both clinical and scientific research are keen to move closer to precision medicine. In the industrial field, there are numerous genetic testing institutions on the market. However, at the end of last year, the top international academic journals Nature and New England magazine all pointed out that the concept of precision medicine is being abused. What kind of problems can precision medicine solve in between enthusiasm and questioning? What kind of precision medicine should China take out?
The concept of superheat is not born
In January 2015, when President Barack Obama first proposed the concept of precision medicine in the State of the Union address, the United States invested 360 million US dollars to start the precision medicine program. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) proposes that precision medicine is an emerging medical approach to disease prevention and treatment that takes into account individualized differences in genes, environment and lifestyles.
Kang Xixiong, director of the Experimental Diagnostic Center of Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, said that doctors are willing to accurately diagnose and treat, but in every era, precision is limited to the current technical level. "It can be said that precision medicine is Target slogans and the direction in which they are working."
A number of interviewees believe that precision medicine is based on evidence-based medicine to make more accurate observations and diagnoses of patients. Generalized precision medicine refers to any means to achieve precise treatment of diseases. Narrow precision medicine refers to the research and application of disease treatment methods based on genome.
Li Qing, director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission's Center for Medical and Health Science and Technology Research and Development, believes that precision medicine represents the forefront of medical research and discipline development. The frontier means that the concept itself is not mature enough, but at least two aspects have been reached: First, genomics and information technology are the two main sources of technology to promote this precision medical technology revolution. The goal is to find out more. Effective diagnosis, treatment plan and standards to accurately control the right subjects at the right time. Secondly, the concept of precision medicine has placed new expectations on the development of medical methods. People hope to discover high-risk factors and biomarkers of complex etiology through massive data mining of genomic information and environmental life information, so as to develop effective diagnostic methods. And standards to achieve more effective treatment of the disease.
Genomics and big data are not all
"Precision medicine is the demand of the public, and it is also the demand of clinical development." As the leader of precision medicine in China, Zhan Qimin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and director of the Peking University School of Medicine, believes that the driving force for precision medicine now comes from human genome sequencing and biochip technology. Innovation, biomedical analytical tools and technological advances, and the emergence of big data analysis tools and technologies.
"Accurate medicine requires precise diagnosis, including molecular diagnosis, molecular imaging and molecular pathology." Zhan Qimin introduced that molecular diagnosis is the most powerful weapon for achieving accurate diagnosis. Accurate detection of mutant DNA and protein molecules is the key to molecular diagnosis. Metabolome Learning and gut microbiology will play an important role in precision medicine; molecular imaging is one of the key technologies of clinical precision medicine, with networking, functionalization, microscopic and molecular characteristics; molecular pathology is currently in pathological diagnosis It plays an important role, and the role of immunohistochemical staining in differential diagnosis is particularly prominent.
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