Autumn and winter management techniques after harvesting winter jujube
The technical management of winter jujube after picking is often overlooked by the farmers. During this period, although the vegetative growth of the tree is steadily stopped, the photosynthesis of the leaves is continuously carried out, and the photosynthetic products are continuously transported to the roots, branches, stems and other organs for storage, accumulating nutrients for the trees and enhancing the ability to resist cold.
Therefore, the management of winter jujube trees after harvesting occupies an important position in its annual management. Grasping the cultivation management in this period can lay a foundation for the high yield and quality of the coming year and play a multiplier role.
1. Soil and fertilizer management
Deeply changing soil
Deeply turning the soil after picking can not only improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil, promote the deep expansion of the roots, enhance the robust growth of the tree, but also plow the dead leaves, fruits and weeds under the trees in the garden into the soil. Used as fertilizer. The deep turning of the jujube garden can be combined with the autumn base fertilizer, and the depth of the tillage is 20~25cm.
Autumn Shiji
After the autumn harvest, it should be fertilized in time, and the base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer. At the same time, according to the soil fertility condition, an appropriate amount of quick-acting fertilizer, especially phosphate fertilizer, should be added. Fertilization can be carried out simultaneously with ploughing, maximizing the contact surface between the fertilizer and the root system, preventing the fertilizer from being absorbed too much, or causing root burning.
The fertilization method can be combined with ploughing, or ring ditch application, or radial ditch application. An annular groove with a depth of 40cm and a width of 60cm can be dug outside the canopy, and the base fertilizer and the composite granular fertilizer can be uniformly mixed into the ditch and filled with soil.
The adult tree is about 50kg per base fertilizer and 1kg compound fertilizer. Under 10 years, the small tree is applied with 25kg of base fertilizer and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer.
Irrigation protection
After fertilization, it is necessary to pour water in time, and after irrigation, plan and protect the water to ensure safe wintering.
2, autumn and winter Qingyuan
Cut off diseased branches
The wintering place of pests and diseases is mainly in the diseased branches and rough skin cracks on the trees, so it is necessary to cut off the dead branches of the trees in time, scrape the old skin, pick up the ground berries and rot, remove the underground weeds, concentrate on burning or Deeply buried, eliminate the overwintering pathogens such as the green-spotted scorpion, red spider, and other wintering eggs and the rust and rot disease in the litter.
Insecticide and sterilization
Pests and diseases are easy to winter in underground weeds, fallen leaves, fallen fruits and shallow topsoil. Therefore, after the leaves of the winter jujube trees, in addition to the whole tree spray stone sulfur mixture, it is also necessary to spray fungicides under the trees, such as carbendazim and methyl thiophanate. When spraying, spray together with the ground around the tree, weeds and shelter. Through insecticidal and bactericidal treatment, the number of pests and diseases is further reduced. Since the tree has fallen leaves during the autumn and winter, it is not easy to cause phytotoxicity when using the medicine. At this time, the concentration of the drug can be increased in an appropriate amount.
Trunk painted white or tied grass
After the leaves of the jujube are deciduous, the base of the trunk and the big branches are painted white, and at the same time as the cold-proof effect, the insects such as the tortoise shells that are overwintering in the trunk can be treated. The grass will be solved and burned in the spring of next year, which will eliminate a large number of wintering pests and eggs that are parasitic in the grass.
3, plastic trim
Through plastic trimming, cultivate and adjust the tree structure, rational layout, and improve lighting conditions. For the dense branch group and the cross branches and overlapping branches, all should be removed to maintain the ventilation and light transmission in the crown; for the aging branch group and the long branch, it can be re-cut or retracted from the base of the main branch to promote the sprouting of new branches. Autumn and winter are effective periods for cultivating winter jujube trees, accumulating nutrients, and scientifically controlling pests and diseases.
Through a series of autumn and winter management techniques such as deep-turning soil modification, autumn-based base fertilizer, irrigation and conservation, autumn and winter clearing and plastic trimming, it lays a solid foundation for the high yield and quality of winter jujube in the coming year.
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