Apple trees are watered all year round. Please see the time and skills.
Water demand period
Infancy. The soil water content should reach 70%~80% of the field water holding capacity.
Flowering period. The soil water content should reach 60%~70% of the field water holding capacity.
Flower bud differentiation critical period. The soil water content should reach 50%~60% of the field water holding capacity.
The fruit is inflated. The soil water content should reach 80% of the field water holding capacity.
Maturity. The soil content should reach 80% of the field water holding capacity.
Dormancy period. The soil water content should reach more than 80% of the field water holding capacity.
Irrigation period
Infancy. In the spring, apple trees sprout and shoot, and flower buds are spawned. At this time, spring drought often occurs, and timely irrigation can promote spring growth, increase leaves, increase flowering potential, delay phenological periods to varying degrees, and alleviate the damage of spring cold and night frost.
Before and after the flowering period. Excessive drought in the soil will cause the flowering period of the apple to advance, and the concentration will come, the flowering is weak, and the fruit setting rate is low. Appropriate irrigation before flowering, so that the flowering period has good soil moisture, can significantly improve the fruit set rate. However, when the soil moisture condition is good before the flowering period, it is not suitable to water the large water, otherwise the new shoots will grow and compete for nutrients, causing the fruit set rate to decrease. Watering after flowering helps cell division, high fruit piles, and promotes shoot growth. Generally, it is suitable for the middle and late April, except for special years.
The new shoots grow and the young fruit expands. The spring is prolonged, the young fruit cells are rapidly dividing, and the water demand is large. At the same time, the temperature is rising and the evaporation is large. It is necessary to keep the water supply sufficient, otherwise it will lead to apple fruit, small deformity, skewed fruit, etc. .
Flower bud differentiation period. This period requires less water, and when it has a lot of water, it will affect the flowering.
The fruit is inflated. The rapid expansion period of the fruit is the second critical period of water demand, the temperature is high, the leaves are thick, the fruit is rapidly expanding, and the water demand is large. However, at this time, most fruit areas enter the rainy season, and generally do not need to be filled with water, and it is necessary to pay attention to drainage and flood prevention.
Before fruit harvesting. During this period, the temperature gradually decreased, the water of the fruit leaves decreased, and the air had a certain humidity, which was conducive to fruit coloring. However, excessive water will affect the coloration of the fruit, and when the water fluctuates greatly, it is easy to cause cracking. Therefore, in this period of drought, you can spray water on the tree in the morning and evening, and do not pour large water. When the rain is heavy, be sure to pay attention to draining or drying the roots.
Sealed and watered. The root system has a period of growth before the tree is partially dormant. At this time, pouring enough water will promote root growth, increase root absorption, and increase the storage nutrients of the tree, which can not only meet the water requirement of the fruit trees in the dormant period, but also prevent the freezing and freezing of the branches and the freezing damage of the trees.
Watering the life. Of course, sometimes Tiangong does not make beauty. In the year of drought, the soil water content is greatly reduced, especially when it is lower than the coefficient of wilting, water should be planted immediately to avoid tree death due to excessive drought.
Water condition judgment
It is generally believed that the optimum moisture content of the apple orchard soil is 60%-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. Watering needs to be considered when the soil water content is less than 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. If it is only necessary to refer to the appearance of drought such as leaf wilting to determine the need for irrigation, it is already late, and its root system has been damaged. Loam or sandy loam soil can be clumped by hand when it is squeezed. When it is squeezed, the soil mass is not easy to be broken. Generally, it is not necessary to fill the water; if the soil is not formed after the fingers are loosened, it proves that the soil moisture is too low, and the water is to be poured; Viscous loam, can be agglomerated when pinched, but it is prone to cracks when squeezed gently, which proves that the water content is low and watering is required.
Irrigation amount
The most suitable irrigation amount should be such that the soil moisture within the root distribution range is optimal for the growth and development of the fruit trees in one irrigation. Soils that only infiltrate the surface layer of the soil or the roots of the upper layer cannot achieve the purpose of irrigation, and due to repeated irrigation, it is easy to cause soil compaction and the soil temperature is lowered. Therefore, it must be filled once, and the deep soil needs to be infiltrated with soil for more than 50~60 cm.
The tree with strong growth should ensure the water supply, while the prosperous tree controls the water properly. Especially the long-term control of the new shoots is beneficial to the control of the flowers. For the young trees, in addition to the pre-emergence and autumn irrigation, the new shoots are prolonged. As long as the leaves are not wilting, there is no need to fill the water.
Irrigation method
The irrigation methods of apple orchards mainly include underground irrigation and ground irrigation. Ground irrigation has advanced drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro sprinkler irrigation and combined development of cool irrigation. Of course, there are traditional methods of flood irrigation, tree tray irrigation, furrow irrigation, and hole irrigation. Diffuse irrigation wastes water and destroys the soil structure. Therefore, traditional orchard can adopt furrow irrigation, uniform soil infiltration, less evaporation and water leakage, and overcome the shortcomings of flooding to deteriorate soil structure.
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