A New Cucumber Variety in Protected Field - "Jinfeng" and Its Cultivation Techniques

The cultivation area of ​​cucumber grown in winter and spring in protected areas in northern China has been developing rapidly and has become a pillar project of the two-high-quality agriculture. However, due to serious degradation of varieties, combined with the renewal of protection facilities and the improvement of people’s consumption level, new and higher requirements have been put forward for the cucumbers marketed in winter and spring, both in terms of time and quality. The original cucumber varieties are far from adaptable. Production and market demand. After years of breeding and the identification of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the Jinfeng series of cucumbers has been widely used in production and has become the main cultivar in Liaoning. First, the "Jinfeng" cucumber biological characteristics and requirements for fertility conditions The variety grow strong, medium and small leaves, more resistant to low temperature (especially Jinfeng 2, can grow at 8 °C), resistant to low light, with the main vine Melon-based, the first female flower in 2 - 3, melon yards, good sex, there are melons, sometimes 1 knot can be 2 to 3 melons. With good precocity, the early yield was about 50% higher than that of the dense thorns, which was about 10 days earlier than that of the similar species. Melon sticks straight and straight, about 35-45cm long, 3-3.5cm in diameter, melon short, about 3cm long, melon green (Jinfeng light green, Jinfeng No. 2 dark green), shiny, piercing , No ribs, single melon weighing about 450g. The output of 667 square meters can reach 1 to 15,000 kg, which is 30% to 40% higher than that of other dense thorns. This variety is resistant to downy mildew and blight, and also has certain resistance to spotted spots, anthrax, and epidemic diseases. It is an excellent cucumber variety currently cultivated in winter and spring. Second, "Jinfeng" cucumber cultivation key technical measures Good varieties must be combined with good methods, production must be in accordance with the "Jinfeng" cucumber varieties of this biological characteristics of scientific cultivation and management, the only way to make "Jinfeng" cucumber hybrid generation Give full play to its advantages, achieve the effect of high yield and high quality, and achieve higher economic benefits. Combining with the biological characteristics of “Jinfeng”, several key technical measures are proposed. 1. Determine the appropriate sowing period of greenhouse facilities, good insulation can be early sowing, and vice versa. The indoor average temperature of 15°C began to sow, and when sowing was selected, there was no wind and sunny weather. It was advisable to have the bud temperature close to the soil temperature. 2. Large temperature difference to cultivate age-appropriate seedlings (1) "Jinfeng" cucumber seed is small, every 667 square meters of greenhouse needs cucumber seeds about 100g, "Jinfeng 2" per 667 square meters with species 150g. In order to improve the stress resistance of cucurbits, the method of embryo training can be used: seeds that have germinated after being swelled, but the radicles have not been exposed, are placed at a temperature of about -2°C and treated for 2 to 5 hours. Cold water slowly slowly re-frozen re-germination, not only can prompt strong buds, but also improve seedling resistance. If the weather is not good at the time of sowing, the growth of buds can be inhibited. The specific method of changing the temperature after sowing is: sowing one by one seeding daytime 25-28°C nighttime 15-17° cotyledonary daytime 20-22° nighttime 10-12°C day 1-5 true leaf daytime 20-25 °C nighttime 12 - 15 °C 8 hours of light per day 3. Grafting black seed squash with roots, not only can effectively prevent cucumber wilt disease, but also because the pumpkin root is strong, strong absorption capacity, strong growth, so that the growth period of the plant is longer, not easy to grow, melon strips grow fast, easy to obtain high yield. Black-skinned pumpkins are used as rootstocks, which have strong cold resistance, good affinity to the parents, good quality, and strong resistance to stress. Pumpkin seedlings should be sown 3-4 days later than cucumber seedlings. 4. Timely and reasonable planting when the seedlings in the 5-6 leaves, the seedling age does not exceed 35 days (from the grafting meter), the temperature in the greenhouse when the ground temperature above 10 °C can be planted. About 4,000 per 667 square meters is appropriate. Before planting, seedlings and hardening seedlings shall be planted, and the greenhouse shall be sterilized with sulphur (or smoke agent No. 1) in sulphur, and then be stuffed with sheds to kill the source of sterilization. And should be deep-turned to improve soil and give enough base fertilizer. When the ground is turned, 10,000 kg of farmyard manure is applied for every 667 square meters. When grooving, 20 to 25kg compound fertilizer can be applied per 667 square meters. 5. After the implementation of scientific management and planting, the key is to do a good job of management, and watering the planting water, pouring less and promoting water, and pouring more to promote melon water. (1) Management at the seedling stage The high-temperature and high-humidity conditions after the planting are beneficial to slow seedlings. Closed insulation, promote slow seedlings, try to keep the temperature above 15 °C, control on the promotion, that is, do everything possible to increase the temperature, so that the root system developed. The adoption of membrane irrigation will help increase the temperature and reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. When Jinfeng No. 2 is planted, it is better to use water to stabilize the seedlings to prevent sensational growth. (2) The combination of management and promotion of the early flowering period and the pouring of the second water depends on the growth of seedlings. The early water supply for large seedling age and the late water supply for small seedling age are mainly based on root control, and the growth of roots is controlled as much as possible to promote root development. Jinfeng No. 2 must supply water above 10cm. In the temperature management to increase the temperature difference between day and night, the implementation of variable temperature management. (3) The initial management of the results will be promoted after the first control, otherwise it will easily fall and fall. Pouring at the beginning of flowering, and pouring more during the expansion. But every time you water, you have to replenish your fertilizer. (4) The results of management mainly pay attention to water and fertilizer management. The land of sand is poured once a day for 7 to 9 days, and water is poured once every 10 to 14 days. Bottom fertilizer is insufficient and human waste can be poured. For each melon harvested, the roots chase after the potassium dihydrogen phosphate one time, spray 0.25kg per 667 square meters, and spray 120 or other foliar fertilizers. When taking 2 to 3 melons, spray 0.3% borax 0.1% sugar water. After the roots are harvested, they can be sprayed once for dwarfing. During the result period, the temperature is still subject to temperature management. Due to the increase in sunshine hours, the light becomes weaker and stronger, and room temperature can be appropriately increased. Keep 25 - 30 °C during the day, 20 - 15 °C in the middle of the night and 13 - 15 °C in the middle of the night. (5) The pruning management must have a radian, and there must be gradients in the falling vines, and the leaves must be limited. When the vines are hung, the vines should be suspended by s-type vines, and the vines must form a certain degree of curvature. Generally, they will be tied 12 to 15. When the north end reaches 1.7m high, the southern end of the vines will grow to the top of the shed. To form a low gradient from north to south, in order to better accept the sun. With the growth of melons, the old leaves of the lower disease should be removed in time to ensure that each plant has 20-30 leaves. 6. Diseases and pests control diseases and the growth of cucumbers require different environmental conditions, can be conducive to the growth and development of cucumber, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, to achieve the purpose of prevention and treatment of diseases. The morning release of air for 0.5 to 1 hour allowed the exhaust to be released and was closed in the morning. The temperature was raised to 28-33°C, the humidity was reduced to 60%-75%, and the leaves were dry. In the evening, about 1 hour after the release of the wind, the relative humidity was controlled to be less than 80% in the first half and the temperature was 20-15°C. The disease was limited by low temperature and the humidity was greater than 90% at the middle of the night, and the temperature was 10-13°C. To prevent the main, 75% chlorothalonil and 50% carbendazim can be sprayed before grafting, and used alternately, about 7 days, and 72.2% of Promethicone 800x liquid spray can be used on the back of the leaves. Gray mold can be used 50% chlorpyrifos WP or 50% fast-king 1000 times or 65% bleomycin 600 times, White wolfberry can be used 25% fluoxetine 1000 times +25% Uranus 5,000 times, yellow Plate trapping, leaf miner flies with 21% killed killing 毙8000 times liquid.