The removal and control of harmful gases in chicken houses

Frequently, chickens produce ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and other gases harmful to chickens. In the production of large-scale chickens, these harmful gases seriously pollute the environment of the chicken house, often causing respiratory diseases and other diseases in chickens, and even cause a large number of deaths of chickens. As a result, the production performance of chickens is reduced, and the production efficiency of chickens is reduced. The effective elimination and control of harmful gas in chicken houses is an important part of feeding and management of chickens. How to eliminate the harmful gases that have been generated and how to control the generation of harmful gases are two aspects of this link. I. Harmful gas types and hazards 1. Ammonia: The nitrogen-containing organic matter in the feces is produced by bacterial fermentation and decomposition. The irritant is strong, especially for the mucous membrane irritation is strong, often cause chicken conjunctiva, upper respiratory mucosa mucous membrane congestion, edema and the incidence of chicken growth and development, production will have an adverse effect. 2. Hydrogen Sulfide: Produced by the decomposition of sulfur-containing organic matter in the faeces. It is as irritating as ammonia. It can also cause keratitis, conjunctivitis, and irritation of the respiratory mucosa. Severe cases can lead to paralysis and death in the respiratory center. Long-term chronic stimulation results in a decrease in the constitution of the chicken and a significant decrease in production performance. 3, carbon dioxide: mainly by chicken metabolism after breathing. When the space is small, the breeding density is too high, and the ventilation is poor, the carbon dioxide concentration in the house will be too high, causing the chicken to suffocate. 4, carbon monoxide: more due to low temperature in early spring chicken coop, improper management of raw coal fire caused by incomplete combustion of coal, coupled with poor ventilation in chicken houses, often caused chickens hypoxia or gas poisoning, severe death occurred in large quantities. 5. Methane: Fermentation of feces in the intestine with feces and excrement in the chicken house for a long period of time. Methane gas can also cause undesirable irritation to the chicken body. 6. Formaldehyde: Mostly residual gases that are incompletely exhausted when fumigated with formaldehyde. If the concentration is high, it will also cause eye and respiratory diseases. Second, the removal of harmful gases 1, biological deodorization method: This is the first decisive new environmental protection culture technology. The study found that many beneficial microorganisms can increase the utilization of feed protein, reduce the ammonia emission in the faeces, can inhibit the generation of harmful gases by bacteria, and reduce the harmful gas content in the air. There are many types of beneficial microorganisms currently used, such as EM preparations. Specific use can be based on the product description of spices feeding or mixing water to drink, can also spray chicken house, deodorant effect is significant. 2, gas adsorption method: the use of fluorspar, yucca extract, charcoal, activated carbon, coal slag, quicklime and other substances with adsorption of harmful gases in the air. The method is to use charcoal net bags to hang in the house or on the ground properly sprinkle some activated carbon, coal cinder, quicklime, etc., can eliminate the harmful gas in the house to varying degrees. 3, sulfur suppression ammonia method: In the litter mixed with sulfur, can make the pH of the litter is less than 7.0, this can inhibit the production and distribution of ammonia in the feces, reducing the ammonia content of the chicken house air. The specific method is to mix the litter with the amount of 0.5 kg of sulfur per square meter of ground and pave the ground. 4. Superphosphate Neutralization Ammonia Method: Sprinkle a layer of superphosphate on the litter of the chicken house. Superphosphate reacts with the ammonia gas produced in the chicken manure to produce odorless solid ammonium phosphate, which can reduce feces. Ammonia emits and reduces ammonia concentration in the house. The method is to evenly sprinkle 350g of superphosphate on the litter of every 50 chicken active ground. 5, chemical deodorization method. By using chemical substances such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, ketone sulfate, and acetic acid, which have an odor-suppressing effect, the activities of harmful bacteria are suppressed through sterilization and sterilization, and the generation of harmful gases in the house is suppressed and reduced. The method is to use 4% of sulphate and appropriate amount of slaked lime to mix in the litter, or use 2% benzoic acid or 2% acetic acid to spray the litter, all can play a deodorant effect. 6, Chinese herbal medicine deodorization method: Many Chinese herbal medicines have a deodorant effect, commonly used are leaves, atractylodes, Daqingye, garlic, straw and so on. The specific method is to put the above Chinese herbs in equal amounts in the chicken shed and burn them to suppress bacteria and deodorize. 7, ventilation and ventilation method: do a good job in the ventilation of the chicken house, especially in winter, not only to do a good job of cold insulation, but also pay attention to the ventilation of the chicken house. When using coal to heat the brooding, the doors and windows should not be closed for a long time and the ventilation is not good. The heating furnace must have an exhaust pipe leading to the outside. When using, check whether the exhaust pipe is tightly connected and whether it is unblocked. When fumigation with formaldehyde is used, the dose and time should be strictly controlled. After fumigation is completed, the air should be changed in time, and the odor should be exhausted before transferring to the flock. Third, harmful gas control measures 1, a reasonable construction of the chicken house: the chicken house must be built in the high dry terrain, drainage convenient, well-ventilated place, the chicken house side or top to leave sufficient exhaust outlet to ensure that harmful gases Can be eliminated promptly. The shed should be concrete floor to facilitate cleaning and disinfection. 2. Keep it clean and dry: Keep cleanliness and sanitation in and around the house. Clean and dry in the house, remove excrement in the house, etc. in time to prevent chicken dung from staying in the house for too long and produce a large amount of harmful gases. When using padding, the litter must not be wet, otherwise it should be replaced in time. Around the house, it is necessary to prevent the accumulation of sewage and to avoid the accumulation of excrement everywhere, so as to minimize the source of harmful gas. 3, do a good job around the chicken house green: make full use of green plants to absorb the carbon dioxide gas emitted by the chicken body, in order to clean the environment around the chicken house, to create a good microclimate chicken production. 4. Control the density of flock: The stocking density in the house should not be too large. In flat raising, there are 30 1-2 weeks old, 25 3-4 weeks old, 12 5-8 weeks old, 9- 18 weeks old, 18 weeks old and 19 weeks old; care should be taken when caged cages are not placed too crowded and the number of birds per cage is not excessive. 5, optimize the structure of the diet: in accordance with the nutritional needs of chickens to prepare a full-priced diet, to avoid lack of nutrients in the diet, lack or excess, with particular attention should be paid to the crude protein level in the diet should not be too high, otherwise it will result in incomplete protein digestion The discharge produces too much nitrogen. At the same time, according to the feed intake of the chicken, the amount of feed is appropriately increased or decreased to prevent the feed from remaining moldy in the trough for a long period of time. 6. Adding biological agents: Proper amounts of probiotics or compound enzyme preparations in the feed can increase the digestion and utilization of feed protein, reduce the conversion of protein to ammonia and amines, and greatly reduce the excretion of nitrogen in the feces, which can improve chickens. The air quality in the house also saves feed. (Source: "Agricultural Technology Service" period 2004.7)