The High-yield and High-yield Cultivation Technique of Luntai Baixing in Xinjiang
First, cultivation techniques adopt the method of autumn cultivation to change the traditional colonization tradition in the past. In the past, cultivation was carried out in the spring and grafted in the spring of the following year. The advantage of planting in the spring is that the survival rate of colonization is high and can reach 100%, but the disadvantage is that the colonization time is short. Spring farmers prepare for cultivation and planting, which is not conducive to large-scale planting, and autumn planting is carried out before the leaves are frozen and frozen. It takes a long time to farm, and after planting, it is fed together with other lands for winter irrigation. After extensive investigation, the survival rate of rootstocks was above 98%. The specific requirements for cultivation are as follows: 1. Open the ditch and then dig a hole in the ditch. The ditch has a width of 0.8 m and a depth of 0.2 m. The planting hole has a diameter of 0.8 m and the depth of the hole is not less than 0.6 m. 2. For each basal plant, 5 kg of glutinous manure, 0.2 kg of phosphate fertilizer or 0.5 kg of oil cake are required for each basal plant, and the equal amount of surface soil shall be mixed and used in advance to plant the hole. 3. Seedlings require two-year-old seedling seedlings with a diameter of 1.2 cm or more. Before planting, the seedling roots are trimmed to remove dry branches, chapped and disfigured parts. 4. Density adopts two modes: ordinary dildo planting and dense planting garden. The ordinary sparse gardens were planted at a density of 6 meters with a spacing of 4 meters. The dense planting gardens were planted with a row spacing of 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 meters. This is the high-density cultivation mode promoted in Luntai County in the past two years. 5. Planting requires backfilling the excreta mixture when planting, and then placing the seedlings vertically in the hole, filling the soil, lifting the seedlings, and keeping the edges solid, so that the root system is stretched and fully contacted with the soil, and the depth is suitable for exposing the roots to the ground. Immediately irrigate, when the soil is not sticky, loose soil, positive seedlings, and soil protection. 6.Dry the stem to prevent the tree from shaking after planting and dry it at 60 cm after planting. Second, the grafting technique adopts methods of colonization in the fall and grafting in the spring. The survey results in 2004 showed that the average survival rate reached 78%. In case of non-viability, the germination sent out of it will be nested between mid-May and early June. Through two graftings, the total survival rate reached more than 95%, and some plots reached 100%. This method of grafting can advance the result by one year. 1. The height of grafting is to facilitate close plant management and the height of grafting should be reduced as much as possible. We took grafting 30 to 40 cm from the rhizome. 2. The pollination tree pollinating tree and the main cultivars are grafted in a ratio of 1:6. It is advisable to graft one pollination type for every six main cultivars or one line for every six main cultivars. 3. Method of Grafting 1 Connect the rootstocks with scissors, align the branches vertically on the rootstock, and forcefully press them down. The length of the rootstock should be 2 to 3 centimeters long. It should not be too long to prevent the slicing surface from oxidizing and affecting survival. Scion scion 8 to 10 cm, the bottom cut into a wedge-shaped bevel, slope 2 to 3 cm. Insert the scion vertically into the cut of the rootstock, taking care to align the scion and the side of the rootstock to form a layer, and use a thin film to bind and firm. 2 tongue to the same side of the scion bud cut a horse-shaped cut surface, about 3 cm long, and then in the cutting surface of the tip of a third knife, cut parallel to the cut surface and cut a knife (do not cut vertically). Rootstocks are also cut. Then cut the two together, if the thickness of the scion and the rootstock are not the same, the two sides will form a layer when the joint is inserted. Immediately afterwards, the interface was tied together with the scion with a thin film. 3 sets of joints are generally conducted from late May to mid-June, premature bud maturity is not enough, too late rootstock, scion too thick, is not conducive to take buds, peeling, survival rate is not high. Take the sprigs of the spring that sprouted in the spring and remove the leaves. Cut off at the upper mature bud. Cut 0.5 cm below the bud with a knife and cut it gently. Twist the sprouts gently to remove the buds from the xylem. Choose the buds and sprouts sprouted from a rootstock, and the thickness is basically the same as the scion. After all the leaves are cut in the middle, peeling exposes the xylem about 2 centimeters, and the scion sets are moved downwards and tightly. This grafting method is simple, easy, and has a high survival rate. It is an effective way to make up for the low survival rate of spring branching in spring. It should be noted that: before the socketing, the scion and rootstock should be watered once to increase the flow of sap, which is conducive to take shoots. All other rootstock branches without joints should be removed. 4. After the management of grafted rootstock can sprout a lot of sprouts, scion survival should be promptly removed, required to be carried out once every 10 days, in order to ensure the nutrition supply of the living scion. Third, the plastic trim From the saplings began trimming to open the light path, you can use the natural round head shape, cup-shaped happy shape and inverted "people" shaped tree shape plastic. 1. Natural round-shaped pruning removes sprouts in the first year after grafting, and takes 4 to 5 main branches in the second year, pulls down 2 or 3, removes dense branches and cross branches, and conducts thinning after each year. Pressing branches to improve lighting conditions and achieve three-dimensional results. 2. After the cup-shaped free-shape pruning graft survives, select 3 to 4 main branches, draw 45 to 50 angles, cut off the upper branches, and poke paclobutrazol twice at a rate of 2000 times in late April and early May. Phosphate fertilizer. Watering 4 to 5 times a year. Some stout branches can form short fruit branches in that year. After each year, the main branch prolongs the pruning of heads and the branches of the side branches are cultivated to ensure that the apricot trees are transparent to the whole body and the three-dimensional results are obtained. The medium dense planting apricot orchards use more trees and have the advantages of good lighting conditions and early results. Part of grafting for the second year can be fruit-bearing. The third year can basically bear fruit. 3. Inversion of "Human" shaped tree culture The inverted "Human" word tree is a new tree management model adopted by Gao Mi Xing Xing Yuan. It focuses on the previous management. 1 The requirements of the tree's vigor require that the branch be continuously towed after the branch survives, in order to trigger the side branch. In the middle of June, the length of the main branch was required to reach more than 40 cm. The main branch had weak branches that affected the growth of the tree. The effect was not obvious. 2 Selecting the main branch The selection of two main branches is the key to the inverted “human†tree. It is required that the two main branches be the strongest of the trees, and the base distance should not exceed 10 centimeters, preferably in the direction between the rows. Grow, otherwise pull. All remaining branches outside the two main branches will be removed. 3 After pulling the branches to select the main branch, pull the branches in the direction of the line between 45 and 50. If the angle is too large, it is easy to pull off, and it is easy to cause a large amount of results in the later period, causing the main branch to break; the angle is too small to achieve the desired effect. After the branches were pulled, the back branches were removed. IV. Fertilizer management After grafting and survival, fertilizers are applied in mid-May and mid-June, respectively. Fertilizers are mixed according to the proportion of 1 part of nitrogen fertilizer and 2 organic fertilizers. Each plant applies 1 to 1.5 kg, and water is applied after application. V. Pest Control 1. In the end of April, carnivora used 2.5% Kung Fu EC 2500-3000 times solution, or 50% of Carbaryl WP 400 times for prevention and treatment. 2. Apricot tree larvae fly into adult stage with 1500-fold of 80% dichlorvos EC or 25% enemies killing the whole tree, spraying a total of 3 times, each time for 15 days, the control effect is 93.4%. . During the hatching period of larvae, 100 pairs of hectares of parasitoids belonging to the apricot tree of apricot tree were treated. Before wintering, 20% of chlorprozolone 3000 times liquid was sprayed on the whole plant, and the control effect was 95%.
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