Sprout planting method
Sprouts are edible shoots, sprouts, buds, young, or young stems that grow directly under dark or light conditions using plant seeds or nutrient storage organs. Sprouts have the advantages of fast-growing, nutritious, high-quality health care, low investment cost, quick effect, and easy factory production.
1, sprout type
1.1 Seed buds Seedlings directly cultivated by seed storage nutrients such as: bean sprouts, broad bean sprouts, camphor buds, peanut buds, radish buds, dragon pea sprouts, mung bean sprouts, etc. 1.2 Buds buds use bud balls, buds, young stems, etc., which are cultivated from the roots, fleshy roots, stems or branches of biennial or perennial crops, such as: chicory buds, bitter buds, ginger buds , asparagus, dandelion buds, etc.
2. Sprout cultivation system
2.1 Germination room and cultivation room
2.1.1 Selection of cultivation room In winter, early spring and late autumn, plastic greenhouses, greenhouses and other facilities can be used to make use of the building or idle houses. When the average temperature is greater than 18 °C, it can be produced in the open field and shaded by a shade net. 2.1.2 The temperature of the germination chamber is 20~25°C, the relative humidity is about 90%; the temperature of the cultivation room is above 20°C during the day, and the temperature is not lower than 16°C at night to avoid large temperature difference changes. The relative humidity of the cultivation room is controlled at about 85%. Take care to properly ventilate the room to maintain proper temperature and fresh air. 2.1.3 Illumination conditions The germination chamber should be kept in a dark or low light state, and the cultivation room should have a shading facility under the conditions of strong summer and autumn light. For the room as the production room, the seat is required to face the south, the east and west are extended (the width of the north and south should be less than 20m), and the surrounding area is lighted, and the window area accounts for more than 30% of the perimeter wall. In the winter low light season, the light intensity of the near-south wall lighting area is not less than 5000 lux, the near-north window lighting area is not less than 1000 lux, and the central area is not less than 200 lux. 2.1.4 The water source has tap water, storage tank or spare water tank. The floor should be waterproof and leakproof, and a drainage system should be provided. 2.1.5 Auxiliary includes seed storage, seeding operation area, plug cleaning area, product processing area and other facilities.
2.2 Cultivation rack
The three-dimensional cultivation consists of 4 to 6 layers. The first layer is not less than 10 cm from the ground, and the layer spacing is 40 to 50 cm. Each of the two frames is placed in a row with a line spacing of 50 to 80 cm for easy operation.
2.3 Vegetable seedling tray for cultivation container, the specification is 60cm24cm.
2.4 The cultivation substrate is made of materials that are clean, light, non-toxic, water-absorbent, and easy to handle after use, such as paper, white cotton cloth, non-woven fabric, perlite, foam plastic sheet, etc. 2.5 Spray system knapsack sprayer.
3, bud seedling cultivation technology
3.1 sheds and production tools disinfection shed disinfection often used smoke fumigant to reduce the humidity inside the shed. Use 22% dichlorvos 500g/667m2 plus 45% chlorothalonil 250g/667m2, ignite after dark fire, fumigation or direct fumigation with sulfur powder, or use lime to disinfect in the greenhouse before cultivation. Note that it is not advisable to produce sprouts during disinfection. In addition, according to the size of the greenhouse, several sets of disinfection lamps are properly installed, and the lamps are turned on for 30 minutes before cultivation to carry out sterilization and disinfection. The cultivation container is cleaned and disinfected before sowing, and can be immersed in 5% formalin solution or 3% lime aqueous solution or 0.1% bleaching powder aqueous solution for 15 minutes, and taken out and cleaned. The cultivation substrate should be boiled or exposed to high light for sterilization.
3.2 Seed treatment Select seeds with even and full grain, thick seed coat, high germination rate and no damage, and turn the sun for 1~2d. Soak the seeds in warm water at 55-60 ° C for 10-15 min. Soak them in a 3% lime water solution for 45-60 min or 0.1% bleaching powder solution. After stirring for 10 min, remove them and rinse them with water for 2 to 3 times to remove the mucus on the surface of the seeds.
3.3 Seeding on the plate, germination of seedlings in the newsprint paper, on the seeding, requires uniform spreading, seeds do not have accumulation. After spraying, spray water once, cover with plastic film to moisturize, place on the rack of the germination chamber, turn the seeds once a day, water the water once, and change the position of the seedling tray. When most of the seeds are exposed, the seeds of the buds, rotten buds, wound buds, and dead granules are removed by the sterilized scorpion. It is germinated for 2 to 3 days at a suitable temperature of 18 to 22 °C. When the seedlings are 1.5 to 3 cm, they are transferred to the cultivation room.
3.4 Cultivation room management
3.4.1 Watering should keep the buds moist throughout the growing season. In the early stage of growth, water is sprayed 2 to 3 times a day; in the middle and late growth period, watering should be increased, and water is sprayed 3 to 4 times a day. Each time the amount of water is drenched by the substrate, there is no water at the bottom of the cultivation tray to avoid rotten seedlings. 3.4.2 Temperature growth Suitable temperature is about 20 °C, 12~30 °C can grow, generally controlled at 19 ~ 23 °C. 3.4.3 Light seedlings grow rapidly under dark conditions and are not easily standardized. Keep the light in the cultivation room before harvesting, and shading in summer. 3.4.4 When the green shoots are 4 to 5 cm long, remove the cover to make it visible.
4, harvesting
Planting requirements green sprouts, seedling height of about 10cm, the top leaves unfolded, the stem end 8 ~ 10cm has not been fibrosis, the general sales length of 8cm, high temperature season 7 ~ 10d, low temperature season 10 ~ 20d can be 1 茬.
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