Scientists explore the mechanism of plants to avoid strong sun damage
Everything grows on the sun, but when everything is too late, too strong sunlight can harm plants. Plants have a natural self-protection mechanism. American scientists recently discovered the mechanism of action of this mechanism. Plants absorb the energy of sunlight through chlorophyll and carotene. If sunlight is too strong and these molecules absorb too much energy, harmful reactive oxygen species can be produced. People knew as early as 20 years ago that plants have a mechanism to avoid such injuries, but the specific principles of the mechanism have always been a mystery. Scientists at the National Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in the United States reported in a new issue of the journal Science that they studied spinach and cruciferous plants Arabidopsis thaliana and found "safety valves" that plants use to prevent light damage. Scientists used precision instruments to observe the chemical reactions of plants and found that too much sunlight would initiate the synthesis of zeaxanthin. Zeaxanthin is a kind of carotene that has antioxidant effects. It can send an electron to chlorophyll, which makes it unable to produce active oxygen. The zeaxanthin, which is positively charged after losing electrons, and the chlorophyll, which is negatively charged after obtaining electrons, react with each Other, and dissipates excess energy as heat. This mechanism is very sensitive. Even if only a cloud drifts over and temporarily weakens the light, it will stop immediately. Some experts believe that based on this discovery, more efficient artificial photosynthesis systems can be designed, or genetically modified crops that can adapt to different lighting conditions can be cultivated to increase food production.
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