Pomegranate tree fertilization technology

Fertilization type

(1) base fertilizer

1 Xia Shiji fertilizer: mainly organic fertilizer, generally applied in May. At this time, the roots and fruits are continuing to grow, and the branches and leaves are about to stop growing. At this time, fertilization does not cause the second growth and affects the accumulation of nutrients. After the rain, the soil is quickly solidified, and the soil, fertilizer and roots are closely connected, which is beneficial to root absorption.

2 autumn application base fertilizer: that is, immediately after the fruit is harvested. At this time, the roots are the second or third growth peak, and the roots are easy to heal. Even if some small roots are cut during fertilization, the roots can be trimmed and new roots can be promoted. If you add the right amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, the effect is more obvious.

(2) Topdressing:

1 Top dressing before flowering: Generally applied in the middle of May before flowering, the main application of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, timely topdressing can meet the needs of flowering and fruit setting.

2 After-flower dressing: After the flowering period, it is also a large period of pomegranate fertilizer. At this time, the young fruit grows rapidly and the growth of new shoots accelerates. Both need nitrogen nutrition, and top dressing can reduce physiological fruit drop. If the amount of topdressing before flowering is large, it can be applied after flowering.

3 fruit enlargement and flower bud differentiation stage topdressing: During this period, some new shoots stopped growing, flower buds began to differentiate, topdressing could improve photosynthetic efficiency, promote nutrient accumulation and fruit enlargement, and this time, fertilization should pay attention to proper coordination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Fertilization method

(1) Round groove fertilization: an annular groove with a length of 1-1.5 m, a depth of 0.6-0.8 m and a width of about 0.8 m is excavated in the outer periphery of the canopy. The fertilizer is mixed with the topsoil and applied to the main distribution layer of the 30 cm deep root system. Immediately after the soil is covered, it can be combined with deep turning. However, it is easy to cut horizontal roots when digging trenches, and the fertilization range is small, which is generally used for pomegranate saplings, which is beneficial to the root group.

(2) Radiation Ditch Fertilization: With the canopy as the center, excavate 3-6 shallow and deep radiation grooves, which are 1.5 m-2 m long and 0.5 m wide. The fertilizer and soil are thoroughly mixed and filled. This method has fewer roots than annular fertilization, but it should also avoid large roots when digging trenches. It can replace the position of the radiation ditch every other year or every other time, enlarge the fertilization surface and promote root absorption.

(3) Point-like fertilization: uniformly dig a small pit 20-30 cm deep outside the canopy, apply the fertilizer into the hole, and then cover it.

(4) Fertilization in the ditch: in the intercropping of pomegranates or between plants, interlacing or interplanting trenching and fertilizing, it can also be combined with deep turning.

(5) Fertilization in the whole garden: adult pomegranate trees or pomegranate dense planting and high-yield gardens, this method is often used when the roots are covered in the whole garden. Spread the fertilizer evenly under the pomegranate tree and turn it into the soil. However, due to shallow fertilization, the root system is often turned upside down, and the root resistance is reduced. This method can be replaced with the radiation ditch every other year, and the complementation is insufficient, and the maximum effect of the fertilizer is exerted.

(6) Irrigation fertilization: irrigation fertilization combined with sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, flood irrigation, etc. Because the fertilizer is timely and the fertilizer distribution is uniform, it does not damage the root system, protects the soil structure, and has high fertilizer utilization rate, reduces costs, and improves labor productivity. Irrigation fertilization is more suitable for the adult pomegranate garden and dense planting garden where the canopy meets, which can be promoted.

(7) External fertilization: also known as foliar spray fertilizer, this method is simple and easy to use, with a small amount of fertilizer, play a fast role, 10-15 days after spraying, absorption is obvious, 25-30 days disappear. Top dressing can improve the nutritional status of roots, promote root development and enhance absorption capacity. However, the top dressing can not replace the soil fertilization, and the two complement each other, which can exert the maximum effect of fertilization.

The time for top-loading and topdressing is best done before 10:00 am and after 4:00 pm in the summer. It should be carried out according to the conditions of temperature, humidity and wind speed at that time. It can spray a lot of elements or spray trace elements.

General spraying concentration: suitable concentration of urea (nitrogen fertilizer) is 200-300 times; suitable concentration of decomposed human urine is 10-20 times; suitable concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 250-300 times; suitable concentration of superphosphate leaching solution is 30-100 Double; the concentration of the ash leaching solution is suitably 30-50 times.

When trace element deficiency is manifested, it is necessary to spray micro-fertilizer in time. For example, iron deficiency can spray 200-300 times of ferrous sulfate or ferric citrate in the growing season; zinc deficiency can spray 20-30 times of zinc sulfate before germination; boron deficiency can be before flowering, full bloom or after flowering Spraying 200-300 times borax or boric acid has a good effect.

(8) Hole storage fertilizer water film: It should be applied in mountain orchard with shallow soil layer and lack of water and fertilizer. In the early spring, at the vertical projection of the canopy, 5-6 holes with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 70 cm were drilled along the main branch, and the hole spacing was about 80 cm. The straw or straw is bundled into a straw of 40 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length, and the grass is placed in the hole, and then filled with the nutritious soil cover to the top of the grass, slightly below the ground. Each hole is about 15kg of water, and after the water seeps, the tree is flattened. The soil that is turned out from each hole is used to cultivate a ring-shaped sputum around the hole to facilitate the storage of natural precipitation, and then cover the plate with the mulch. , compact the edge, smash a small hole in the central depression of the film, and then cover it with tiles or stones for later topdressing and irrigation.

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