Management Measures for Fruiting of Shiitake Mushrooms Cultivated with Substitute Materials
1. The surface of the mycelium gradually changes from white to brown after the mycelium is full of punctures in the bag-off stage, and tumor-like bulges begin to appear in the later stage. At this time, you can go into the shed and take off the bag.
1. Requirements for placement of fungus sticks: In summer, the nutrient supply of fungus sticks is sufficient, and mushroom buds are easily formed with a little vibration. Therefore, you must handle them gently when placing them.
2. Temperature and humidity management: The time for shiitake mushrooms to be taken out of the bag and put into the shed in summer as a substitute for cultivation is in April. At this time, the temperature and temperature difference are suitable, but the relative humidity of the air is low. The water evaporated from the stick.
3. Strengthen ventilation: There are many mushroom buds in the first tide, and the breathing is strong, requiring a lot of fresh air. At this stage, increase the number of ventilation times during the day and extend the ventilation time sooner or later to ensure sufficient fresh air in the shed.
2. After taking off the bag during the fruiting period, under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, white cracks will appear on the surface of the fungus sticks for about 5 days. After 1 to 2 days, young mushroom buds will grow in the center of the star-shaped cracks, and then 2 It can be harvested within 3 days.
1. Fruiting mode: After taking off the bag, according to the specific situation, the fungus sticks can adopt the soil-covering type, the diagonal insertion type or the layered rack type.
2. Moisture management: Ensure moisture supply during the growth of mushroom buds and keep the relative humidity of the air in the shed at 85% to 90%. According to the temperature conditions and the characteristics of the mushroom shed, water can be sprayed several times and a small amount on the surroundings, the ground, and the fungus sticks to provide suitable relative humidity for the growth of mushrooms. It is not advisable to spray water 3 to 4 hours before picking mushrooms. Spray water after picking mushrooms to promote the growth of mushroom buds.
3. Ventilation management: During the fruiting period, there are many mushroom buds, strong breathing, and a large increase in oxygen demand. Under the premise of ensuring the relative humidity of the air, ventilate 3 to 5 times a day, about half an hour each time, and extend the ventilation time in the morning and evening (1 Hours or so) to ensure fresh air in the shed.
4. Cooling measures: In summer, the daytime temperature in the shed is close to 30℃, the mushrooms grow fast, the umbrella is opened quickly, the umbrella cover is thin, and the quality of the mushrooms is poor. Only by lowering the temperature can the growth rate of shiitake mushrooms be reduced and the quality of shiitake mushrooms improved.
5. Harvesting standard: Shiitake mushrooms can be harvested when their fruit bodies are 70 or 80 minutes old. Due to the high temperature, shiitake mushrooms are easy to open when they are stacked and heat up. After harvesting, they should be placed in baskets immediately after being harvested, and stored in a 4℃～6℃ cold storage for timely sale.
3. Recovery period This period is the rest period for the mycelium to regain vitality and re-accumulate nutrients for the next mushroom bud kinking. Due to the high temperature and the rapid decrease of air relative humidity, it is necessary to prevent the bacteria rods from losing water, shrinking, and hardening, and it is difficult to form a primordial base, and also to prevent excessive water spraying and untimely ventilation, which may cause bacterial rod infections. At this time, spray water for 10-20 minutes each morning and evening, and spray water on the ground during high-temperature periods at noon to increase the relative humidity of the air. Ventilate in time after spraying water to ensure fresh air and sufficient oxygen in the shed.
4. After the mycelial recovery period of the water injection period is over, it is necessary to take advantage of favorable weather conditions to hurry up and inject water. After the harvest of the first tide mushrooms has passed the recovery period, water can be injected to prepare the second tide mushrooms.
1. Water injection requirements: When injecting water, try to make use of changes in temperature, rainy days and other changes to grasp the opportunity to inject water in time to create a more suitable temperature difference and moisture conditions for the formation of the primordia of mushrooms. When injecting water, it is necessary to grasp the amount of water injected. It is advisable to not exceed the initial quality of the bacteria stick for the first time, and then gradually decrease.
2. Vibration inducing buds: Due to the high temperature and insufficient temperature difference, it affects the formation of primordium, so the mushrooms are not produced in time after water injection. Vibrate the fungus to promote mycelium kinking and produce mushrooms as soon as possible, otherwise the water will accumulate in the fungus for too long. Long can also suck.
3. Ventilation management: After water injection, timely ventilation should be provided to provide sufficient oxygen to enhance mycelial vitality. While ventilating to increase the oxygen content in the shed, it is necessary to do a good job of preventing high temperature and moisturizing.
4. Cooling and moisturizing: In the late stage of mushroom fruiting, the temperature gradually rises, and the relative humidity of the air drops quickly, especially in July and August, it is difficult to form mushroom buds in high temperature and dryness, and cooling and moisturizing are more important. At this time, the best way to cool down during the day is to lay a water pipe on the outer surface of the shed to spray water to cool down, to ensure that the temperature in the shed is below 30°C and cannot exceed 35°C; the floor in the shed should be sprayed with a small amount of water several times to keep the ground moist. , Increase the relative humidity of the air in the shed.
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