Luo Tian Ginger Highly Efficient Cultivation Technique

Ginger has the effect of dispelling oyster sauce and strengthening the stomach, promoting cultivation of the stomach and chilling. It is extremely popular in all parts of Jishui County, and has gradually formed a cultivation circle centered on the main production towns such as Luotian, Baisha and Guanshan. The climate is shady, the natural environment is beautiful, the air source is pollution-free, and the farmyard manure is used. Little or no spray of pesticides is used. It was therefore named as a pollution-free vegetable production base in Jiangxi Province. The “Lutian Ginger” was also awarded by the Ministry of Agriculture. "Green food" logo. In particular, in the vicinity of Gengxi and Jingxi in Luotian Town, the brightly colored ginger skin is yellow, meat is tender and tender, and the flavor is fragrant. The market has always been in short supply, and in addition to satisfying domestic demand, it has also been exported to Europe and the United States. Here are some highlights of its high-efficiency cultivation techniques.

1 Fine site preparation

Ginger has strong adaptability and strict requirements on soil quality, but is suitable for sandy loam soil with deep soil, loose texture, fertile fertility, rich organic matter, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and close to mountain forests.

Ginger is sensitive to the pH value of the soil, and its suitable soil pH value is 5~7.5. If the soil pH value is less than 5, the ginger root will be swollen and brittle, and the growth will be blocked and the development will be poor. When the pH value is greater than 9, the root group growth will even stop. .

Ginger can not be continued, because of its rot disease (commonly known as ginger borer) serious damage, the bacteria can survive in the soil for more than 2 years, while ginger absorb more soil nutrients, if long-term cultivation in a piece of land, easily lead to lack of soil nutrients, soil strength Without recovery and improvement, ginger disease will become more and more serious. It must therefore be a reasonable rotation with other crops. During the rotation, attention should be paid to the front-to-back connection of crops to avoid cross-infection and transmission of soil-borne diseases.

For the selected plot, it is necessary to plow 20 to 30 cm deep, and the plots should be cultivated repeatedly, and the ridges should be fully radiated, and then the plots should be levelled. Jiangxi is rainy in summer and is suitable for deep gorges in the ditch, north-south sloping direction, meandering width 1m, sulcus width 30cm, and depth 25cm. At the same time, the gutters and gutters are well opened so that the three slops can be matched and the drainage can be unimpeded.

2 Recycling basal fertilizer

As the saying goes: "It's not fertilizer, not ginger." Ginger is a fertilizer and fertilizer-fighting crop that must be applied to basal fertilizer. It has been determined that about 6.34 kg of N, 34.31 kg of P2O5, and 9.27 kg of K2O should be absorbed from the soil for every 1000 kg of fresh ginger produced. Fertilizer absorption at different growth stages is also different, and the seedling stage grows slowly. During this period, nitrogen, phosphorus, The absorption of potassium three elements only accounts for about 10% of the total absorption of the whole period; while the growth period of vigorous growth period is fast, the amount of fertilizer absorption during this period should account for nearly 90% of the whole period. In order to save fertilizer, a centralized fertilization method can be adopted, that is, a good planting canal is established at a predetermined spacing of 40 cm, and base fertilizer is applied in the ditch. General 667m2 apply fully cooked manure or manure 1000 ~ 1500kg, ternary compound fertilizer 25kg, cake fertilizer 75kg, plant ash 100kg, and fully mixed with the ditch mix, ready for planting.

3 ginger seed processing

3.1 Sun ginger is 20~30 days before sowing (before and after the vernal equinox), remove the ginger seeds from the storage pit, wash the soil on the ginger block with water, tile on the mat or on the ground and even dry for 2~3 days, early evening Close to prevent freezing at night. This can increase ginger block temperature, promote germination; 2 can reduce ginger block water, prevent germination process moldy rotten; Third, help to select seeds, because diseased ginger block is not drying the disease is not obvious, after drying It is often expressed as dried, shriveled, or dark in color, which makes it easy to eliminate ginger. If the ginger is soft after the sun, it is frozen. If the surface is dark, it is damaged. When the ginger is purple, it is overheated. Diseased ginger should be removed. However, it should not be overly tanned, especially the more tender ginger seeds can not be exposed. If the sun is strong at noon, use a suitable shade on the mat so that the ginger loses too much water and leaves buds weak.

3.2 When the ginger is on the last day, the ginger will be picked up in the afternoon and the ginger will be picked up, placed in the room for 3 to 4 days, and the hay will be placed on the bed. The straw will be covered and kept at 11~16°C to promote the species. Ginger internal nutrient conversion decomposition.

3.3 When selecting ginger and ginger, choose the full-grown ginger that is full of fat, fresh color, bright skin, tight tissue, complete bud, no scar, no deliquescence, no sweating, no pest damage Planting, elimination of dry, weak, brown and rot rotten mold: You can use hand-twist to open the ginger, where ginger color, no filamentous section of the fiber have deteriorated, can not be planted. Variety should choose the local "Spirulina ginger".

3.4 There are many ways to disinfect and disinfect, and soaking seeds with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, or soaking seeds with 20% phytolith for 20 minutes, or soaking seeds with 0.1% Bordeaux for 10 minutes, or soaking seeds with 70% Thiophanate-methyl 1000 times 1 hour. In order to prevent the infection of ginger borer, 40% formaldehyde (formalin) can also be used to soak seeds for 3 hours in 100 times solution, and boring for 12 hours. Ginger blocks that have been dipped in boring are washed with water. The weight of the above soaking liquid should be about 2 times the weight of ginger.

3.5 Pregerminating and pre-germination is performed before and after Ching Ming. It can promote the rapid germination of young ginger buds and make seedling emergence quick and neat. According to local conditions, smoked stoves, cold beds, greenhouses and other methods can be used to germinate, but regardless of the method, generally have to last about 20 days during the period to maintain a temperature change of 20 ~ 28 °C as well: generally start 3 ~ 5 days to maintain 20 ~ 22 °C Later, gradually increased to 25 ~ 28 °C, white melon seed cultivation techniques have been reduced to 22 ~ 25 °C in the last few days, this is conducive to nurturing strong buds, so that more buds, bud head round and strong. It is necessary to prevent the temperature from being too low so that no buds or buds are produced too slowly to delay the planting period, and to prevent the excessive temperature from causing the buds to grow too quickly and the buds to be slender, making it difficult to obtain high yields. Jishui Jiangnong generally adopts the method of fumigation to promote germination: the soon-to-be-disinfected ginger seeds are spread on a smoked stove, a layer of ginger is covered with a layer of ginger, and then covered with a grass bag to moisturize; , To make it smoke without an open flame, produce micro-heat to smoke ginger, and check and add medlar 3 to 4 times, to maintain a certain stove temperature, promote the slow germination of ginger. This method also has the effect of preventing Jiangyan.

3.6 Cuts When the shoots grow to the size of peanuts, each ginger can be divided into small pieces according to its natural branching tendency. Each piece weighs 30-50g and retains 1-2 robust buds. Then immersed in 1 to 100 baths of Bordeaux for 10 minutes or adhered to the method of disinfecting the plant ash. After natural healing at 1 to 2 days at room temperature, it can be planted.

4 Planting at the right time

Ginger hi warm, resistant to dampness, fear of high temperature, avoid light. Soil temperature can only be planted when stable at 15°C; 22°C to 25°C and night temperatures above 18°C ​​are beneficial to root enlargement and nutrient accumulation; daily average temperatures above 28°C are long and thin, higher than 35°C or Below 15°C, the growth is hindered, and the growth of ginger seedlings and rootstocks slows until they stop, and the plants gradually die.

Jishui is generally selected to sow from the rain to the beginning of summer. In order to ensure the smooth emergence of ginger, 1 to 2 hours before sowing must be thoroughly watered so that the soil moisture is sufficient to meet the growth needs of young shoots. Planting specifications are 40cm20cm, 667m2 with ginger seeds 125~150kg, planting ditch with 40cm row spacing to open 10cm deep, and then planting ginger in the planting ditch by 20cm spacing between the planting, the specific methods are flat broadcast and vertical broadcast method . The flat-casting method is to put ginger blocks horizontally in the ditch so that the buds are in the same direction. If the east-west ditches, the ginger blocks will be uniformly southward along the south side of the ditch; the south-south ditch will be the same along the west side of the ditch to make the buds consistent. west. Then gently press the ginger into the soil, so that the ginger buds and the soil surface level, while at the same time by hand from the ginger ridge to cover some wet fine soil cover the ginger buds to prevent light burns sprouts. The flat broadcast method facilitates the removal of the mother ginger in the future, which can prevent injury. The method of vertical seeding has all but the same ginger seedlings. The rest is the same as the flat seeding method. The ginger seedlings of this method are connected with the ginger mother of the new strain, and it is easy to injure the roots when the ginger is used. The operation is also inconvenient. After the sowing of the ginger, China Agricultural Net, then covered with soil-fertilizer and fire-soil ash, covering the row of ditch, too thick and too thin are not conducive to the growth of ginger seeds. Then, the flat surface is covered with loose hair or reed ferns to prevent water evaporation, soil compaction, strong light and weed growth, and it can increase fertility after rot.

After emergence, if there is a lack of ginger, you can transplant the ginger seedlings from the secret place. However, it must be transplanted with soil, and the main roots must not be cut off. Watering and shading should be carried out immediately after planting, otherwise it will be difficult to survive.

5 Field Management

5.1 Reasonably top-dressing is carried out in 3 batches, light and heavy. The first time is a strong seedling fertilizer, which is carried out when the ginger seedlings are 25 to 30 cm high and have 1 to 2 small tillers. The 667 m2 is diluted with composted thin manure 500 kg 5 to 6 times, or urea 10 kg is formulated 0.5%~ 1% of the thin fertilizer solution can be poured; the second time is the turning fertilizer, which is carried out when the ginger seedling is in the three strands or the ginseng root. This top dressing is very important for the production of ginger, and is the key to obtaining high yield. The amount of fertilizer should be It is 30%~50% more than the first time, and is dominated by nitrogen. When Shi Shiyu had more rain, he could open a hole 10 cm away from the plant and apply fertilizer to cover the soil. Such as ginger field basal fertilizer is sufficient, plant growth is strong, the performance of no de-fertilization phenomenon, you can apply less or not, so as not to cause plant leggy; the third time for the supplement fertilizer, immediately after the removal of the awning after white dew or pull out cover grass, The purpose is to promote the branching and enlargement of ginger. It is necessary to reapply it properly, and it must be supplemented with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Generally, 667m2 is made up of 25-30kg of 45% compound fertilizer and evenly applied on the planting line and combined with soil.

5.2 During the growth of cultivating ginger ginger, many times according to the principle of “early, diligently, shallowly, and finely”, cultivating, weeding and earth-cultivation are repeated. Jiangnong has the concept of “five pods of sesame, ten wolfberry ginger”. In the early stage, every 10 to 15 days, shallow pods, mostly in the rain or in combination with irrigation, fertilization, soil cultivation, can maintain soil moisture, prevent surface compaction, and promote root development. Up to 40~50cm, the plants begin to cultivate soils in different grades. Every time the soil is cultivated to 3~4cm, the soil in the rows will be planted to the planting channels. Jishui is rainy in summer and should be dug up to 30cm in combination with earth and the dug soil should be evenly placed between the rows. When the autumn season begins to cool, remove the arbour or cover grass, combine the topdressing, and then do the soil one more time. The original planting ditch will be cultivated into a ridge, with a ridge height of 10~12cm and a width of about 20cm. Because germination of ginger and rhizome enlargement need to be carried out in a dark environment, the use of soil can prevent the exposure of new ginger pieces, and promote large, thin and tender meats, which is a necessary measure for high yield and quality.

5.3 Moisture Management Ginger root group is shallow, water absorption ability is weak, fear of drought and fear of wetness, strict requirements for water, slow growth at the seedling stage, and low water requirement, should be properly maintained to facilitate soil temperature rise and accelerate seedling emergence. If the soil moisture is too high, the emergence of seedlings will be slow, and it will easily lead to rot of the seedlings. Therefore, when there is too much rain, attention should be paid to the drainage of the gutters and water must not accumulate; the water requirement during the growing season is greatly increased, and the moisture of the ginger fields should always be maintained. 70%~80% is appropriate. If it is less than 20%, the growth will be poor, cellulose will increase, and the quality will be degraded. Therefore, when drought and dryness occur, it should be watered early or late; the water requirement at the later growth stage will gradually decrease; if the soil moisture is too high, it will easily lead to root rot. Watering should be stopped 1 month before harvest to promote the ginger to be mature. Until 3 to 4 days before harvest, water it once more, so that when the ginger is harvested, there will be a little bit of damp soil, which will be beneficial to the storage of the underground.

5.4 shading heatstroke ginger Hi cool, intolerant of light and heat, the seedling period requires moderate light intensity, in the shading state grows well; vigorous growth period requires slightly stronger light to promote photosynthesis. Therefore, after entering the summer, when the temperature rises above 25°C, it is necessary to put a shady heat shelter in the ginger field. Use a thin bamboo or a branch to form a 1m-high flat-topped scaffold, and sparsely discharge straw or rapeseed, etc. Shading semi-transparent; shade net can also be used instead of straw cover. After entering the autumn, when the temperature drops below 25°C, the shade should be promptly removed to enhance photosynthesis and promote nutrient accumulation. Kyrgyzstan was mostly shaded in the middle and early June, and was dismantled at the end of August and early September. In addition, ginger and melons, beans and other interplanting cultivation can not only make full use of field gaps, increase the multiple cropping index, but also reduce the cost of re-sheltering, solve the problem of ginger intolerance to glare, and play a dual role in shading and light protection. effect.

5.5 Diseases and Insect Pests The main diseases are Jiangyan, which is a bacterial disease. It usually begins from June to July and is from August to September. High temperature and high humidity, long-term rain, field water, soil viscosity, excessive nitrogen fertilizers, etc. are easy to cause the disease. Found that the diseased plant should be immediately removed, and use quicklime to spread around the diseased hole and the surrounding disease, 80% can be used on behalf of the enzymatic zinc 600 times, or 50% carbendazim 500 times, the breeding of goat breeding or 72% of the agricultural chain The 1000-fold solution of nycmycin was sprayed alternately; the main insect pests were corn borer, ginger worm butterfly, earth tiger and earthworm, and the insect pests could be manually removed and pinched, or they could be used 90% dipterex 1000 times during the larval period or 2.5% deltamethrin 1500 times liquid spray insecticide: once every 10 days, even spray 2 times.

6 timely harvest

Ginger is commonly known as ginseng. After germinating and growing into a new plant, its internal tissues are still intact, not only recyclable, but also more scented and of better quality. Generally, they are harvested before and after the summer solstice, and prematurely affect the growth and development of turmeric. If it is too late, it will decay and decay. The method of harvesting is to use a soil shovel or bamboo to open the soil on a sunny day. Hold the ginger in one hand with your finger and keep it from shaking. The other hand gently breaks downwards at the junction of the ginger and the ginger, and immediately take it. Ginger is taken out, followed by top dressing to promote growth.

Ginger is generally harvested during the fall of the frost to the beginning of winter, the upper part of the local stems and leaves withered yellow, the main stem has been fully inflated in the ground for real-time selection of sunny excavation. General 667m2 produce fresh ginger 1500 ~ 2000kg.

Ginger used for seeding in the coming year, after excavating the early ginger in early November, cutting the base of the stem 2 to 3 cm away from the ginger, and gently shaking off the soil on the rhizome, without washing directly Storage in the pit for the winter.

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