Key techniques for improving apple fruit set rate
There are many ways to increase the apple fruit setting rate in production, such as configuring pollination trees, artificial pollination, strengthening fertilizer management, spraying plant growth regulators, and flowering bees. Based on our years of experience in managing Apple, we now introduce several key technologies to improve apple fruit set rate.
1. Flowering bees
Flowering bees are one of the common ways to improve the fruit setting rate in modern apple orchards. They are divided into bee pollination and wall bee pollination, while wall bee pollination is significantly better than bee pollination.
1 flowering bee pollination. When the bees are pollinating, the beehives should be placed in the apple orchard 2 to 3 days before flowering, so that the bees are familiar with the orchard environment. Because the bee activity range is about 50 meters near the beehive, it is good to support pollination by placing one beehive per 5 to 10 acres of apple orchard.
2 flowering wall bee pollination. Wall bee pollination varieties commonly used in the frontal wall bee and the concave wall wall bee, wall bee pollination is not only simple method, but also obvious effect, is an effective way to improve apple fruit set rate. Wall bees are easy to feed and can be released as a single or collectively. The activity of wall bees is about 80 times that of bees. You can visit nearly 15 flowers per minute, and place 50 to 80 wall bees per acre of apple orchards.
It should be noted that in the pollination using wall bees, it is often necessary to control the wall bee out time according to the pollination needs, so that the time of wall bee pollination coincides with the flowering period of the apple tree. When it is necessary to postpone the wall bee's nesting time, the wall honeycomb block can be placed at 0 to 5 ° C for refrigeration, prolong the wall bee hibernation period, and postpone the house time. When it is necessary to leave the house in advance, the nest can be placed in a greenhouse at 12 to 14 ° C for 1-3 days to wake up the wall bees through a warm environment.
2. Artificial pollination
1 Collect pollen. Immediately after the dew in the morning, take the bell flower or the flower that has just been opened, bring back the two flowers in the room, and take out the anther. The anther is placed in a cool and ventilated place, and the indoor temperature is maintained at 20 to 25 ° C. After 1 to 2 days, the pollen is cracked by itself, and yellow pollen grains are scattered. Store the pollen grains in a dry container for later use.
2 flowering artificial pollination. On the second day after the flowering of the apple, the stigma had the strongest ability to receive pollen. Choose a sunny day from 9:00 to 16:00 for the order. The point tool is usually a brush or a triangle rubber. You can order 3 to 5 flowers at a time. The apple center flower is first opened, and it can be ordered for the first time. After the flower is opened, the second and third pollination is carried out.
3 flowering liquid pollination. The dried pollen was mixed in a 5% sugar solution, plus 0.3% urea and 0.2% boric acid. Add 10-20 grams of dry pollen per kilogram of sugar solution for spray spray.
4 flowering mechanical dusting. Mix the pollen and talcum powder at 1:20, place it in the agricultural duster, and focus on spraying multiple parts.
5 flowering gauze shakes. Place the pollen with the filling in a 2-layer gauze bag, tie the bag tightly, tie it on the long bamboo pole, and tap the gauze bag to loosen the pollen to achieve the purpose of pollination.
3. Flowering plant growth regulator
Spraying the plant growth regulator gibberellin, naphthaleneacetic acid, etc., can also be applied to the 0.3% borax solution during the full bloom period.
4. Antifreeze during flowering
Before the frost, the ground is filled with water and sprayed, and the temperature near the ground is adjusted to slow down the temperature of the tree body and reduce the frost damage. It can also be used as a fuel for straw, weeds and other leaves, and smokes in the upper wind orchard to disperse the cold of the orchard and increase the temperature of the orchard.
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