Gene size GS2 (Grain Size on chromosome 2)
A few days ago, Chinese scientists discovered a gene size GS2 (Grain Size on chromosome 2) that significantly increased rice yield. Field trials showed that the gene could increase the yield of super rice “ Liangyou Peijiu†by 9.5%.
The research was jointly conducted by Qian Qian, a researcher at the China National Rice Research Institute, and Li Jiayang, a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The paper was published online in the English academic journal Molecular Plant on July 14th. The journal is published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai. The Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Society of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology jointly sponsored.
On September 9th, one of the first authors of the paper, Dr. Hu Jiang of the China National Rice Research Institute, the 1000-grain weight of common rice varieties ranged from 25 grams to 30 grams, but the 1000-grain weight of a local variety “Bao Da Granule†in Zhejiang was as high as 48 grams. Through the method of map cloning, a rare dominant mutation, AA, was found on the chromosome 2, which was named GS2.
Hu Jiang said, "The first is to locate the GS2 gene and then discover a precious mutation.
GS2 is common, but dominant mutations are not common.
There are GS2 genes in rice, and the common recessive genotype of GS2 gene, aa, causes its stimulation to be exerted. The task of breeding is to introduce dominant genotypes into rice varieties to increase production.
research shows,
GS2 dominant mutation can promote the division and growth of rice glume cells, eventually leading to ear length and grain weight, thereby increasing yield.
Previously, Qian Qian's research group, Li Jiayang's research group and Zhu Xudong's research group of China National Rice Research Institute jointly discovered the gene GL7, which can significantly improve the appearance quality of rice, and explained its regulation mechanism. The paper was published online on July 6, 2015. Academic journal "Nature Genetics".
High-quality and high-yield is the eternal theme of agriculture. The yield and quality of rice are determined by many genes. The work of researchers is to discover new genes from germplasm resources, just like discovering one talent after another.
GL7 gene improves quality without affecting yield, GS2 can significantly increase production, and they will play a role in rice production in the next five to ten years.
In 1998, the International Rice Genome Sequencing Program was launched and completed in December 2002.
Thereafter, in December 2011, China's 50 rice genome resequencing and genetic variation database construction was completed. In November 2014, Chinese scientists completed genome-wide sequencing of five “close relatives†of Asian cultivated rice (generally referred to as rice) and obtained high-quality genomic reference sequences.
Hu Jiang explained that these sequencing work are expected to further promote the improvement of rice varieties, but the sequencing is a "code", and what does "code" mean - "is it a gene", "what function", need The experiment is to verify and interpret step by step, that is, to annotate and annotate the "code". GS2, GL7 are one by one. Through traditional breeding methods, such as high-generation backcrossing, it has been possible to introduce genes such as GS2 into hybrid rice, thereby further increasing production on the basis of super rice.
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