Introduction to Chinese herbal medicine "windproof" cultivation technology
Silerdivaricatum is a perennial medicinal herb of the umbelliferae family. Taking root human medicine, it has the functions of antipyretic and sweating, hurricane and analgesia, and is commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. In the Chinese herbal medicine market, the medicinal quality of windproof is the top grade of Heilongjiang Province. It has a firm texture, the root bark is reddish brown, and the cross-section chrysanthemum core is obvious, called red bar goods. The quality of windproof produced in other areas is poor, its texture is loose, the root bark is gray-brown, and the cross-section chrysanthemum core is not obvious, which is called white strip goods. Therefore, wind protection is one of the specialty medicines of our province. However, due to excessive land reclamation in recent years, the reduction of grassland area and predatory mining have seriously damaged the ecological balance, and the wild wind-proof plant community has been reduced year by year, and resources have become increasingly exhausted. Therefore, it is of great significance to curb mining and expand the cultivation area to meet the geographical and resource advantages and meet the needs of the Chinese herbal medicine market. In order to ensure the medicinal quality, the cultivation of windproof should focus on the following aspects.
First, the selected windproof is a deep root plant with strong salt and alkali resistance. It is advisable to choose sandy loam with a loose soil layer and loose sandy soil and light carbonate yellow sand or black sand. Heavy saline-alkali soil, white soil, heavy clay, and ash-packed soil (including nitrate soil) should not be planted. The terrain is good for the land, and low-lying land is not suitable for planting. Since wind-proof resources are mainly distributed in the arid grassland area in the western part of the province, the area should vigorously develop wind-proof planting.
Second, there are two ways to prepare land and fertilize the land: one is the depression, and the other is the soil tillage. In the arid grassland, land preparation should be carried out in the form of depression to help maintain soil moisture and prevent soil drought. Generally, before sowing, heavy sputum is used for vertical and horizontal squatting, and then light sputum is used for secondary and flattening for seeding. The soil ploughing is usually carried out in the autumn and autumn seasons, and is carried out after the harvest of the field crops, and the depth is 25-30 cm. With the squatting with the suppression. Ridges should be ridged in time for wind protection, with a ridge distance of 70cm. When the land is prepared, it is combined with the application of base fertilizer, and about 3,000 kg of fertilizer per acre.
Third, sowing (a) planting period spring, volts, autumn and autumn can be planted windproof. It is advisable to use volts broadcasting, generally from late June to early July. After the sowing, the rain is sufficient, the ground temperature is high, the germination is quick, and the seedling rate is high. Spring sowing is suitable for the middle and late May, and should avoid the monsoon and dry season. Autumn sowing is carried out in the middle and late October until the soil is frozen. It is not advisable to prematurely in autumn. Otherwise, due to seed germination, freezing damage will occur after winter.
(2) Seeding method The seeding method should be determined according to the purpose of windproof planting. For the purpose of obtaining medicinal materials, it should be used for flat sowing. For the purpose of obtaining seeds, it should be ridged for seeding.
Flat sowing: The machine can be used to guide 24 rows or 48 rows of planters, remove the opener for sowing, and hang the branches and cover the soil after the seeding machine, and then use the pressure reducer to suppress the seedlings in order to ensure the seedlings per acre. .0—3.5kg.
The ridge is used for sowing: it can be planted with sputum, and the depth of seeding is 1-2cm. After sowing, it can be suppressed by wood roller. The seeding amount of mu is 2.0-2.5kg.
IV. Field Management According to the author's investigation on the cultivation and wind-proof growth of the province, the growth of the plots and the yield and quality of the medicinal materials are not as good as natural growth. Therefore, the wind protection for the purpose of harvesting medicinal materials generally does not perform field operation management during the growth period, so that it is in a semi-wild state, which can inhibit the wind-proof reproductive growth, is beneficial to vegetative growth, and improves the yield and quality of the medicinal materials. After three years of wind-proof growth in the wild state, a community with wind-resistant dominant species can be formed, and the growth of weeds in the community is inhibited.
In order to promote early flowering and early fruiting, ridges can be used for simple field management during the growing period, and one shovel or one shovel can be used in the annual seedling stage.
V. Pest Control At present, it is powdery mildew that is more serious in preventing wind damage. Powdery mildew is a disease caused by fungi. It is a harmful part of the leaf. Zui initially produces white powdery lesions on both sides of the damaged leaves, and gradually expands to make the leaves covered with a layer of white powder, which then produces dark brown spots on the leaves, making the leaves change. Yellow, early fall.
Control methods: 1. Local morbidity, when the number is small, the diseased plants are removed in time, burned intensively to prevent spread. 2. Chemical control: spray with 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times or 50% thiram double WP 200-300 times, or use Bamei 0.2-0.3 degree stone sulphur spray to prevent and control.
Sixth, harvesting and initial processing (1) Harvesting and wind-proof growth can be started in 6-7 years, and the depth of pick-up is about 25cm. Due to the strong regenerative capacity of the wind-proof roots, the tops of the residual roots remaining in the soil after harvesting can continue to generate 1-4 new plants. The growth rate of the regenerated plants is faster than that of the planted plants, and the production cycle can be shortened. More than 1/3. Therefore, using this recycling habit can achieve intensive cultivation with one sowing and multiple harvesting.
(2) After the primary processed goods are wind-resistant, first remove the soil, remove the residual leaves and the hairs, and classify them. Then, in a ventilated place, etc., when drying to a semi-dry, bundled into 0.5-1. Okg's small handle, cut off the head (stem, leaf), and then sun-dried to dry, can be sold as a commercial medicine.
First, the selected windproof is a deep root plant with strong salt and alkali resistance. It is advisable to choose sandy loam with a loose soil layer and loose sandy soil and light carbonate yellow sand or black sand. Heavy saline-alkali soil, white soil, heavy clay, and ash-packed soil (including nitrate soil) should not be planted. The terrain is good for the land, and low-lying land is not suitable for planting. Since wind-proof resources are mainly distributed in the arid grassland area in the western part of the province, the area should vigorously develop wind-proof planting.
Second, there are two ways to prepare land and fertilize the land: one is the depression, and the other is the soil tillage. In the arid grassland, land preparation should be carried out in the form of depression to help maintain soil moisture and prevent soil drought. Generally, before sowing, heavy sputum is used for vertical and horizontal squatting, and then light sputum is used for secondary and flattening for seeding. The soil ploughing is usually carried out in the autumn and autumn seasons, and is carried out after the harvest of the field crops, and the depth is 25-30 cm. With the squatting with the suppression. Ridges should be ridged in time for wind protection, with a ridge distance of 70cm. When the land is prepared, it is combined with the application of base fertilizer, and about 3,000 kg of fertilizer per acre.
Third, sowing (a) planting period spring, volts, autumn and autumn can be planted windproof. It is advisable to use volts broadcasting, generally from late June to early July. After the sowing, the rain is sufficient, the ground temperature is high, the germination is quick, and the seedling rate is high. Spring sowing is suitable for the middle and late May, and should avoid the monsoon and dry season. Autumn sowing is carried out in the middle and late October until the soil is frozen. It is not advisable to prematurely in autumn. Otherwise, due to seed germination, freezing damage will occur after winter.
(2) Seeding method The seeding method should be determined according to the purpose of windproof planting. For the purpose of obtaining medicinal materials, it should be used for flat sowing. For the purpose of obtaining seeds, it should be ridged for seeding.
Flat sowing: The machine can be used to guide 24 rows or 48 rows of planters, remove the opener for sowing, and hang the branches and cover the soil after the seeding machine, and then use the pressure reducer to suppress the seedlings in order to ensure the seedlings per acre. .0—3.5kg.
The ridge is used for sowing: it can be planted with sputum, and the depth of seeding is 1-2cm. After sowing, it can be suppressed by wood roller. The seeding amount of mu is 2.0-2.5kg.
IV. Field Management According to the author's investigation on the cultivation and wind-proof growth of the province, the growth of the plots and the yield and quality of the medicinal materials are not as good as natural growth. Therefore, the wind protection for the purpose of harvesting medicinal materials generally does not perform field operation management during the growth period, so that it is in a semi-wild state, which can inhibit the wind-proof reproductive growth, is beneficial to vegetative growth, and improves the yield and quality of the medicinal materials. After three years of wind-proof growth in the wild state, a community with wind-resistant dominant species can be formed, and the growth of weeds in the community is inhibited.
In order to promote early flowering and early fruiting, ridges can be used for simple field management during the growing period, and one shovel or one shovel can be used in the annual seedling stage.
V. Pest Control At present, it is powdery mildew that is more serious in preventing wind damage. Powdery mildew is a disease caused by fungi. It is a harmful part of the leaf. Zui initially produces white powdery lesions on both sides of the damaged leaves, and gradually expands to make the leaves covered with a layer of white powder, which then produces dark brown spots on the leaves, making the leaves change. Yellow, early fall.
Control methods: 1. Local morbidity, when the number is small, the diseased plants are removed in time, burned intensively to prevent spread. 2. Chemical control: spray with 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times or 50% thiram double WP 200-300 times, or use Bamei 0.2-0.3 degree stone sulphur spray to prevent and control.
Sixth, harvesting and initial processing (1) Harvesting and wind-proof growth can be started in 6-7 years, and the depth of pick-up is about 25cm. Due to the strong regenerative capacity of the wind-proof roots, the tops of the residual roots remaining in the soil after harvesting can continue to generate 1-4 new plants. The growth rate of the regenerated plants is faster than that of the planted plants, and the production cycle can be shortened. More than 1/3. Therefore, using this recycling habit can achieve intensive cultivation with one sowing and multiple harvesting.
(2) After the primary processed goods are wind-resistant, first remove the soil, remove the residual leaves and the hairs, and classify them. Then, in a ventilated place, etc., when drying to a semi-dry, bundled into 0.5-1. Okg's small handle, cut off the head (stem, leaf), and then sun-dried to dry, can be sold as a commercial medicine.
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