How does the Babe pumpkin seed grow?
"Beibei Pumpkin" is known as the epoch-making variety of pumpkin breeding and is a revolution in pumpkin breeding. It is characterized by good quality, small size, strong powder, high sweetness, and the beta carotene content is more than three times that of ordinary pumpkin. With the miniaturization of today's families and the increasing dietary habits of people, mini pumpkins have been well received by people as featured products. The price of small pumpkins has doubled and the market capacity has become larger and larger. In recent years, the export market has developed from Japan and Southeast Asia to the European and American markets, and the products are constantly popular.
1. Babe Pumpkin Introduction
1.1 Babe Pumpkin Summary
The appearance of the babe pumpkin is very beautiful and attractive. The peel is black and green with light green stripes. It can be stored for a long time and the peel is not easy to fade.
The fruit weight is 400-700g (400-500g), and 8-12 fruits per plant are harvested, harvested 40-43 days after flowering. The effective accumulated temperature is 800-850 °C. Good taste and high nutritional value.
1.2 Beibei pumpkin edible method
Ordinary eating method, can be placed in a microwave oven, the whole heating can be eaten for 5-8 minutes, the skin is very thin, so the skin can be eaten together, both delicious and nutritious, and the taste is excellent. As a special product, Mini Pumpkin is favored by many high-end hotels and restaurants. Using the beautiful appearance of mini pumpkin as a container, it has developed special dishes such as pumpkin eight-treasure porridge, pumpkin ice cream, pumpkin seafood clam, pumpkin shark's fin abalone.
1.3 Beibei pumpkin seed promotion
In the process of promotion, some farmers reported that the fruit setting rate was too low. However, as long as this variety is grown normally, the fruit setting rate is not low. Japan has cultivated 24 fruits per plant and maintained 3 nodes. If you have fruit in each section, it will make it difficult to sit behind.
1.4 Variety characteristics
1.4.1 Beibei characteristics
Babe pumpkin female flowers are born more, one female flower in three nodes. The leaves are smaller than the average pumpkin, which increases the planting density and is suitable for greenhouse cultivation. It is more resistant to powdery mildew.
1.4.2 Fruit characteristics
The babe mini pumpkin single fruit weighs about 500g on average, the skin is dark green, the flesh is orange-yellow, and the flesh is strong and powdery. Nutritional ingredients in 100g fruit: water 73g, protein 2.5g, sugar 22.4g, beta carotene 3.26mg
1.4.3 Determination of sugar
Babe mini pumpkin needs to be stored for 15-20 days, the best quality, and help the accumulation of sugar. The sugar determination time was divided into three times, namely: the day of harvest, 20 days after harvest, and 30 days after harvest. Method for measuring sugar content: The babe pumpkin is shaved into a silk, and the juice is extruded with gauze, and then measured. This improves the accuracy of the determination of the sugar content.
2. Cultivation management
2.1 germination technology
2.1.1 Babe pumpkin seed treatment
Babe pumpkin seeds are often soaked in warm water of 60 for 10 to 15 minutes. After washing, the water temperature is kept at about 30 and soaking for 6 hours to soften the seed coat and absorb water to make it tidy.
Wash the seeds with water after soaking. If planting in early spring, the ambient temperature is low, it is best to carry out constant temperature germination after soaking seeds. In the process of germination in the germination box or other warm places, the seeds should be noticed: the seeds of the germination are turned once a day to make the inside and outside of the seed pile The temperature is basically the same; when the seeds are turned, the water condition should be checked. It is found that the seeds should be sprayed in time when the seeds are too dry. After about 36-48 hours, when 75% of the seeds are broken, the seeds are white and the buds are 0.3-0.8 cm long. Seeding can be done at this time, which can greatly increase the emergence rate of mini pumpkins.
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Place the washed pumpkin seeds on the gauze to moisturize them and place them in an environment of 25 to 30. After more than half of the seeds are white, they can be sown.
If planted in autumn and winter, the ambient temperature is higher at the time of sowing, and the seedling can be directly used without seeding after soaking.
2.2 nursery technology
2.2.1 Seedbed preparation
The seedling stage of early spring pumpkin cultivation is in the cold season. The seedbed should pay attention to heat preservation. The film in the greenhouse is covered with double-layer insulation and non-woven fabric. The geothermal line is laid at the bottom of the seedbed. When the temperature is too low, the electricity is heated to avoid freezing damage. Wintering cultivation and seedling cultivation, cultivation of seedlings in autumn, and high-temperature cultivation in summer.
2.2.2 Sowing
Babe pumpkin is often used to raise seedlings in 50-well standard trays. The seedling substrate can be prepared by using peatite perlite and vermiculite organic fertilizer in the ratio of 7111.
Watering is maintained according to the degree of wetting of the substrate to maintain the substrate in a slightly wet state. Seedlings in early spring, the temperature is low, pay attention to cold protection, the seeding tray can be placed in a plastic film small arch shed for heat preservation.
2.2.3 Temperature control
Pumpkin seeds are large and the seed coat is thin, easy to absorb water, and germinated quickly. The germination temperature is controlled at about 25 ° C, and the surface film is removed the next day, and the second to third day emerges. The temperature should be appropriately lowered after emergence, and the pumpkin needs low temperature flower bud differentiation to prevent the seedlings from growing. The ground temperature should be maintained at 14-15 ° C, no more than 25 ° C during the day and 12 ° C above the night.
2.3 Soil preparation and fertilization
Before the selection, the plots of the cucurbit crops were not planted, and the weeds and plant residues in the field were cleaned up to reduce the base of pests and pathogens.
Each 667 is applied with 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, and then the soil is deeply cultivated, and the organic fertilizer is thoroughly mixed with the soil. In order to improve the quality of Babe pumpkin products and the yield of 667, it is recommended to use hanging vine cultivation, planting 2 rows per ridge, ridge width 1.5m, groove width 0.3m, ridge height 0.3m.
After ridges, dig a fertilization ditch in the middle of the ridge, and apply 500kg of organic fertilizer, 300kg of grass ash and 200kg of peanut bran as base fertilizer per 667.
If planted in early spring in southern China, cover the black mulch to control the grass and increase the ground temperature; if planted in autumn and winter, it can cover the silver mulch or not cover the mulch.
2.4 colonization technology
Babe pumpkin is generally about 1 week after emergence, and the seedling cotyledons are flattened to 1 leaf 1 heart period for the best colonization period.
The planting distance is 80cm. If the vines are planted, 2 rows per ridge will be planted on the ridge with a width of 1.5m, and the row spacing will be 90cm. The two rows of seedlings in the same ridge will be staggered and planted in the shape of “pinâ€; if the “people†frame is planted, Then a single row is planted per ridge.
It should be planted in the afternoon, and the root water should be poured after planting. 2.5 Field Management
2.5 Growth Management
Hanging vines and pruning
Cabbage squash planted with vines often uses double vines. After colonization, the seedlings began to pick the heart in the 5 leaves, and selected 2 strong vines as the cassava, and the rest of the vines and grandchildren were removed.
When the melon seedling grows to more than 10 knots, the hanging vine can be carried out. Before hanging the vine, it is best to first carry out the vine, that is, put the faucet of the melon seedling on the hanging vine line, and put the excess melon in the circle near the root of the plant, so that the first melon (or female flower) just leaves the ground.
Pan vines help to inhibit the growth of plants, but also delay the growth of melon seedlings to the top of the hanging vine line. The growth of the leaves of Babe pumpkin is relatively strong. It is necessary to remove the old leaves at the bottom of the plant in time to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
The two vines that grow out of the vines also need to be removed in time, and the vines are regularly introduced to the hanging vines. When each vine sits on 2 to 3 shells of pumpkin, it can be topped after retaining one strong side bud on the top of the vine, to weaken the vegetative growth of the plant and promote the rapid expansion of the scallop.
If the climatic conditions are suitable and the bottom fertilizer is sufficient, the side buds retained after topping can continue to grow the second melon. The first melon can be harvested 35 to 40 days after flowering, and the vines harvested from the first melon are cut off from the old leaves and vines and pans are vines, so that one side bud retained after topping develops into a second melon. The result of the vine.
Pruning
According to the characteristics of the oyster shell, a single vine pruning, double vine pruning, and three vine pruning can be used. Among them, the single and double vines are the best, and the double vines are topped with four leaves. Three vines are pruned, the fruit is late, and the fruit is small. If you let it be cultivated, it will save effort, but it will not be ripe, and the quality cannot be guaranteed. The growth rate of the side branches is fast, and the side branches and the buds should be timely. Pay attention to the side branch removal when pruning, retain the male flower, and use it later.
pollination
The shellfish squash planted in the greenhouse requires artificially assisted pollination and pollination is completed before 10:00 every day to increase the success rate of pollination.
The flowers of the babe squash are unisex flowers, monoecious.
When pollinating, remove the male flowers of the plant, remove the petals, expose the stamens, and apply the pollen on the stamens to the stigma of the female flowers to complete the pollination. 2.5.2 Fertilizer management
The pumpkin has a long growing period, high yield and high consumption of nutrients. In addition to applying the base fertilizer, it should also be topdressed. The principle of topdressing is: the application of thin application in the early stage of growth; the re-application of the results, the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Nitrogen is the main seedling stage, but not too much, to prevent the length of the child, affecting the fruit set. When the vine grows to 1m, it begins to topdress. The application of drip irrigation has a better effect. The first fruit is after birth; if the growth is weak, the leaves are small, and the leaves are light; then it is easy to cause powdery mildew, and the top dressing improves the strong seedlings. In the fruit setting period, the side branches are relatively small, and the fruit is swollen slowly, which will cause physiological fruit drop. After the result, the fertilizer was re-applied to promote fruit hypertrophy.
It is not suitable for watering on the day of planting. After the planting, the water is sufficient in the early stage. During the fruit setting period, the water is controlled. After the fruit is placed, the fertilizer and water are promoted. After 25-30 days of fruit setting, the water is controlled again to promote the accumulation of sugar.
Water and fertilizer management
The fertilizer requirement of the babe pumpkin is light and heavy. Before sitting on the melon, avoid excessive water and fertilizer, prevent the plant from growing too nutritiously, and it is difficult to sit on the melon.
After sitting on the melon, it is necessary to increase the water and fertilizer, and promote the expansion of several melons on the plant.
Watering should be carried out in the sunny morning, it is best to use drip irrigation under the membrane, with a small number of times as the principle, to avoid the environment is too humid, causing various diseases. Other management
In order to achieve high quality and high profit, we must pay attention to the following points:
(1) Use the fruit pad to prevent scratching and rot. The old leaves and diseased leaves in the lower part of the melon should be removed early to reduce the incidence, which is also conducive to the ventilation and light transmission in the field.
(2) When the fruit stalk begins to split and whitish, the strips of the melon groove turn from light green luster to dark green dull, and the flesh orange is nearly mature.
(3) When picking, use the scissors that are recessed in the front edge, which is more convenient for cutting and not easy to hurt the melon. Market shipment specifications should be uniform, and a uniform label can be added to increase value.
2.6 Pest Control
1.1 Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew is mainly caused by the leaves or stems of the shellfish pumpkin. At the beginning of the disease, there are white mildew spots in the leaves or stems. The molds are getting bigger and bigger in the late stage, and gradually become the pieces, so that the whole leaves are covered with white powder, which seriously affects the leaf photosynthesis. effect.
For the early stage of the disease, the babe pumpkin can be controlled by using the osthole 400 times solution, the stone sulphur mixture 300 times solution or the emodin methyl ether 400 times solution, and spraying once every 5 to 7 days, and rotating. At the same time, the old leaves and the negative leaves at the bottom of the plant are all cut off to enhance ventilation and light transmission.
1.2 mosaic virus disease
Mosaic virus disease mainly harms the leaves of the shellfish pumpkin, and when it is serious, it also deforms the fruit.
Babe squash virus disease is mainly prevention, control the number of sucking mouthparts insects, can hang yellow sticky board in the shed, and regularly spray organically certified pyrethrin to reduce the occurrence of sucking mouthparts pests .
Before sowing, the seeds should also be soaked in warm soup to avoid the virus carrying the seeds. For the diseased plants, the whole plant can be pulled out and cleared out to prevent the spread of the virus.
1.3 downy mildew
Downy mildew mainly harms the leaves of scallop squash. After the disease, there are water-soaked irregular lesions on the back of the leaf, which are restricted by veins. Later, pale brown polygonal lesions are formed. When the humidity is high, the gray mold layer grows on the back of the leaves.
Downy mildew is most suitable for the onset temperature of 16 to 24. When planted in spring in southern China, it is most likely to develop under low temperature and high humidity conditions.
For the diseased plants, the old leaf disease leaves should be removed in time, and 200 times Bordeaux mixture or osthole 400 times solution should be sprayed.
At the same time, avoid flooding of large water, enhance ventilation and light transmission, and reduce field humidity.
1.4 Locust
Aphids mainly use their sap at the leaf back or tender folds of the pumpkin, secrete honeydew, cause soot, and spread viral diseases.
In biological control, natural enemies, such as ladybugs, can be introduced. In the prevention and control of pesticides, pyrethrin 500 times solution can be sprayed every 5 to 7 days before the locust outbreak, for 3 times.
Aphids have a strong tendency to yellow, and have a strong evasive effect on silver gray. They can be placed in a silver-gray mulch before planting a babe pumpkin, and a yellow sticky board is set.
A variety of prevention and control measures in parallel, have a good control effect on aphids.
1.5 whitefly
Whitefly is a very common pest in the cultivation of babe pumpkins. The adults and nymphs suck on the sap of the pumpkin plants. The leaves of the damaged leaves are chlorotic and yellow, and shrink and wilting in severe cases.
The prevention and control of whitefly should be based on agricultural control. It is best to plant crops that are not preferred by whitefly and reduce the density of insects. Clean the weeds and crop residues before planting and fully dip the land.
4, harvesting and preservation
Babe squash is generally harvested 35 to 40 days after flowering. The mature babe pumpkin has a large fruit handle, and the hair on the melon skin naturally falls off. The melon skin is dark green, and the quality of the single melon is 300-600 g.
Babe pumpkin is easy to keep fresh, and can be stored for more than 2 months in a cool and dry environment after harvesting.
3.1 mature melon standard
It can be harvested in about 40 days after fruiting. The fruit grows to its proper size, the color of the peel changes from green to dark green and the gloss is reduced, the stalk begins to lignify, and the lignified part changes from green to white. Harvest from the first fruit at the right time.
3.2 air drying
It takes at least a week for the babe pumpkin to dry. Place in a cool environment and keep the temperature at a low temperature to dry the surface of the fruit. The purpose of air drying is to prevent pathogens such as anthrax from invading from the wound. Promote fruit ripening and improve food flavor. Drying the fruit stems, inhibiting fruit rot after listing, prolonging storage time
Babe pumpkin variety recommended
01, black babe pumpkin seeds
Strong growth and comprehensive disease resistance. More female flowers, easy to sit fruit, under normal conditions, the general single fruit weight is about 500~650g, the peel is dark green to black with light green strips, the fruit is thick and round, the appearance of the goods is beautiful, the flesh is thick, the yellow, the old ripe Fruit powder is high, the musky Sweet, good quality, resistant to storage. It is suitable for spring and autumn cultivation in successful areas.
02, crystal pumpkin seeds
Babe pumpkin hybrids, very early maturing varieties, plant growth is robust, and the plant type is compact and small. The comprehensive resistance is strong, the continuous fruit set is strong, the fruit is dark green, the flat type has shallow ditch, the fruit stalk is concave, and the single fruit weight is 350-450 grams. The fruit is ripe for about 40 days, and the fruit is fragrant after 30 days. The ripe fruit powder is sweet and delicious.
03, mini 8105 pumpkin seeds, harvested about 35~45 days after pollination. The melon is round and the skin is black. The meat is thicker, the flesh is orange-yellow, the taste is pink, and the single melon weighs about 600 grams, and the yield is high.
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