Hemp walnut autumn management technology
First, suitable harvesting processing
1. Harvest at the right time. The harvested premature green skin is not easy to peel off, the seed kernel is not full, and the top whitening and shell surface whitening phenomenon are easy to occur. The fruit has large water and the shell is easy to be deformed; when the harvest is too late, the fruit is easy to fall off, and after the cracking of the green skin, it stays in the tree. Excessive time will increase the chance of mold infection. The shell is black or has black lines, which are prone to natural cracking, which leads to the decline of nuts. The maturity of hemp walnut fruit varies with variety and climatic conditions. The difference between early maturing and late maturity is 10 to 20 days. The general year is earlier than the rainy year. The maturity of the hemp walnut fruit can also be determined from the appearance of the form. The symptoms are: the green skin turns from green to yellow and white, slightly cracked, and the skin is easily peeled off with a knife. At this time, the kernels are full, the cotyledons become hard, and the shells are red.
2. Harvesting method: Using the hand picking method, use the herringbone to squat down from the stalk by the ladder, and use the high branch shears at the height to cut it from the stalk. At this time, the bark is extremely traumatic, and it is impossible to step on branches and tree poles, and it is not possible to use bamboo poles to fight, so as not to damage the shoots and damage the next year's output. If the fruit on a tree is inconsistent, it can be picked in stages.
3. Processing: After the fruit is under the tree, peel it with a fruit knife, deep into the shell, and smash it one by one. Do not use too much force to avoid hurting the shell pattern. If you are not peeling the fruit, you can use a steel brush to rub the water and brush it, then use the hard brush to beat the broken skin impurities in the groove, wash it with water, then put it in the container and wash it, wash it out with water. Rinse again and place in a dry, ventilated place. Be careful not to expose the sun to avoid cracking of the core shell. The criterion for judging dryness is that the nut knocks and the sound is crisp and can be stored in a cardboard box.
Second, water and fertilizer management
The period from the harvest to the deciduous period in late October is the period of rest and relaxation of hemp walnuts. Under normal circumstances, water should not be re-irrigated to avoid causing longevity. In order to prevent or reduce the evaporation of water, increase the organic matter of the soil, adjust the soil temperature, reduce the growth of weeds, the tree tray can be covered, the thickness of the cover is not more than 6 cm, and after 30-cm deep, the soil fertility can be improved after decomposing. . October is the peak period of the root growth of the hemp walnut tree. At this time, fertilization can ensure the growth and development of the tree, especially the tree that enters the fruiting period. The output is increasing year by year, and the demand for nutrients is gradually increasing. If the soil is insufficient or not timely, the balance between the accumulation and consumption of nutrients in the tree will affect the growth of the tree, resulting in a decrease in tree yield. Fertilization period can be carried out after harvesting and before defoliation, mainly in sheep dung, rabbit dung, pig pen dung. The projected area of ​​the canopy per square meter is 25-50 kg of fertilizer, which is poured deep after application and immediately watered. Fertilization method: If a single tree can be used for annular fertilization, a circular fertilization ditch with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 50 cm is dug around the outer edge of the canopy around the trunk to evenly spread the fertilizer. The position of the fertilization ditch should expand outward with the expansion of the canopy. For example, in the garden, there is a row of trees. In the first year, fertilization is in the middle of the two rows. The groove distance in the future is not staggered, and the whole garden can be applied. The practice is to spread the fertilizer evenly into the garden and then turn it over. This method is simple and easy. When the tree body shows the corresponding deficiency syndrome before the defoliation, it can be combined with fertilization to supplement trace elements, and the leaves are sprayed with 0.3% potassium dipotassium phosphate solution and the missing trace elements twice every 10 days.
Third, the collection and storage of pruning and scion
Since the hemp walnut tree begins to enter the injury period after deciduous, the pruning should be carried out after the walnut is harvested and before the fallen leaves. For example, after trimming, it will not only lose the accumulated nutrients and water, but also affect the next year's output, and the lost water will go down the tree, where will it flow, where the bark will be frostbitten and frozen, and the spring of the coming year will sprout. It is easy to find afterwards.
The result is the trimming of the tree. After the saplings enter the fruiting period, the principle of shaping the edges and the result of the shaping results are the same, and the strong tree skeleton is cultivated to cultivate a high-yielding tree shape with a large load. The drooping branches, overlapping dense branches, crossed long branches, and pests and diseases that affect the growth of the tree body are cut off, the back branches are controlled, and the backbone branches are strengthened. If the back branch grows stronger than the original head branch, the direction angle is good, it can replace the original head branch; when the growth is similar, it should be removed early. Such a weak branch can be cultivated into a result branch. The long branches with the value of use can be slowly released, and then retracted into the result group.
With leaf trimming. With leaf trimming, you can see which part of the branch is dense, ensure the ventilation and light transmission of the trimming part, and can use the cut branches as the scion at any time. After many experiments, the author has kept the branches cut with leaves as long as they are properly preserved. The grafting survival rate in the spring of next year is almost the same as that of the scion without leaf cutting. Because the scion is expensive, each bud can sell for a few hundred yuan. Some fruit growers do not know that the leaf branches can be used as scions, so the hemp walnut tree is allowed to grow, and no pruning is considered, resulting in natural disorder of the tree, serious disease, and yield. Few. The method of removing the scion with leaves is to select qualified branches for the scion. Generally, the leaf buds with a length of more than 1 m and a thickness of 1 to 2 cm are mature and full of developmental branches or long branches. The branches are required to grow vigorously, develop and enrich, and the core is small, and there is no pest damage. The scion can also be made from a strong female branch or a female branch with a biennial branch at the base. Young shoots should not be used as scions for spring grafting. Cut the branches, leave the petiole about 2 cm, cut off the leaves, every 26 cm for a section, leave two buds per section, one bundle for every twenty, put into the food bag, put it in the food insulation layer of the refrigerator, keep the temperature At -6 ° C ~ 3 ° C, take out the inspection once every 15 days. If the petiole naturally falls off, take the petiole out and put it back in the refrigerator for storage. Over time, the surface layer of the scion is also changing. The greenish cortex turns brown and grows old. When the outdoor temperature drops below 6 °C, it is taken out of the refrigerator and the food bag is removed and placed in a depth of 80 to 100 cm. In the pit, it is buried with damp fine sand, and a layer of scoop is 10 cm thick. The pit is covered with corn stover or firewood. If the number of scissor cuts is large, the refrigerator can't be installed, or it can be placed in a cellar of about 6 cm, but the temperature inside the cellar should be mastered.
Fourth, the prevention and control of pests and diseases
From the beginning of September to the beginning of October, the larvae of the "Hickory Moth" larvae are in danger. When the worms occur, the sesame leaves are often eaten up, causing secondary leafing. The tree that suffered severely did not produce results for 3 to 5 years, and even died. To control the insect, 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution can be sprayed. Also susceptible to insect pests are "spotted wax zen", commonly known as "flower big sister", can be sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin 3000 times solution for prevention and treatment.
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