Grafting disease prevention technology of melon wilt disease
Fusarium wilt of melons is one of the main diseases in the production of melons and vegetables. After the planting, the incidence rate is generally 20-30%, and the serious land mass can reach 77-80%. The occurrence of wilt disease is a serious threat to the production of melon vegetables, especially to watermelon and cucumber, which has the most serious impact on the establishment of a watermelon product production base. Grafting prevention and control technology can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of wilt disease, and it is the only way to ensure that the melon crops can obtain high yield, stable production, and high efficiency. In this paper, watermelon is taken as an example to illustrate the effect of grafting on the control of Fusarium wilt. The method is also applicable to other melon crops.
(I) Application effects of grafting Grafting is watermelon, cucumber, etc. for scion. With pumpkin, melon melon, melon, etc. as the rootstock. The scion utilizes the characteristics of strong rootstock resistance to Fusarium wilt disease to achieve the purpose of disease prevention, enabling the melon crops to be planted year after year and with high yield in successive years. Facts have proven that due to the developed root system of rootstocks, high absorption capacity and strong cold resistance, it can save 1/4-1/3 of fertilizer and significantly increase production.
In Dongtian Village, Dajia Town, Daqing City, Dalian, in a comparative experiment of harvesting watermelons harvested on the harvested watermelons on the 2.5-a-grained bark of the second year, the incidence of grafted seedlings was only 1.7%, with an average yield of 3744 kg per mu, but not grafted. The incidence of self-rooted seedlings reached 37%, the rate of dead plants was 26.7%, and the yield per mu was only 1054 kg. The incidence of grafting was 35.3% lower than that of non-grafted grafts, and the yield was increased by 258% and increased by 192%.
Grafting seedlings can not only control the wilt disease, ensure the seedlings are full, and the seedlings are strong, but also the roots of the grafted seedlings are strong, they have strong absorption capacity for fertilizers and water, and the formed ovary is large, develops rapidly, and the weight of single fruit increases. The severely deficient planting of self-rooted seedlings resulted in a small and small fruit. The single fruit weight was only 0.9 kg and the largest single fruit weight was 1.1 kg, while the grafted seedlings reached 5.8 and 8.6 kg respectively. The grafted seedlings have an income of 1160 yuan more than the self-rooted seedlings per mu. It can be seen that the melons have obvious benefits from grafting cultivation, which opens up broad prospects for commodity production.
(b) Grafting methods Grafting methods are often used, mainly include plugging, splicing, and splicing.
1. Plug-in method When the rootstock two cotyledons spread flat, when the first true leaf is exposed, the heart blade is cut with a sharp knife, and then a thin tipped bamboo skewer with a sweater needle is inserted. From the top of the two cotyledon nodes, a small hole is inserted obliquely from top to bottom. About 1.5 cm in depth, the hypocotyls of the seedlings that have not been fully developed beforehand are cut into double-sectioned wedges and inserted into the small holes where the rootstock has been inserted so that the two are in close contact with each other. Because this method does not require bagging and clamping, it is easy to operate and has high ergonomics. Skilled operators can receive about 100 strains per hour.
2. Abutment method (cut, cut) The rootstock seedlings from which the growth points are to be removed are cut with a razor blade on the side of the hypocotyls between the two cotyledons and are about 1.5 cm long. Then the cuts that have been wedged into the wedges are inserted into the cuts of the rootstock and the outer edges must be aligned. And gently squeeze the joint tightly squeezed, and finally clamped with a plastic graft clip. It is also useful for film tying or sticking with a glue stick. After survival, remove it again. The method of marrying this law is to strip the heart and open the mouth (cutting) and cut both sides (referring to the scion) and stick it tightly. Skin on the skin, outside the Qili. This method has a high survival rate, the operation is more expensive than the previous method, and the average skilled person can receive 60 strains per hour. Therefore, more methods are used in production.
3. The rootstock seedlings and the scionling seedlings are seeded in a nutrient pod by abutting method (also called tongue connection and mutual connection). The two are separated by 1-2 cm. When the first true leaves of the seedlings are just unfolded, the rootstock seedlings are first The true leaves and growing points were removed at the same time. Then, a knife was cut obliquely from the top down to the 45o angle at 1cm from the hypocotyl near the cotyledon, and reached 1/2-2/3 of the thickness of the hypocotyl. The scionling seedlings are also cut obliquely from the lower to the same height as the rootstock seedling incision, and the cut length and depth are the same as those of the rootstock. Immediately after the scion seedling incision is gently inserted into the incision of the rootstock seedlings and fixed with the tape or grafting clip used in the previous method, the scion root (hypocotyl) is cut twice after the grafting incision is healed, due to this method In the healing period, the scion has always retained the root system, so the survival rate is high and the healing is good. However, this method is more troublesome and the working efficiency is not high, so less is used in production. Recently, this law has been improved: the rootstock and scion are separated, and the seedlings are intensively concentrated. When the grafting is properly carried out, they can be planted in the ground and the ergonomics can be increased exponentially. However, the seedling emergence period appears. This method has been widely used in production.
(C) The management of grafted seedlings The key to survival of grafted seedlings lies in management after grafting.
1. The temperature of grafted seedlings is maintained at a suitable temperature, which is conducive to the healing of the interface. The high temperature during the day and night is not conducive to the healing of the interface. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain 23-30°C during the day and 10-23°C during the night. The temperature should not be lower than 16°C, and care should be taken to prevent the effects of high temperatures during the day or cold temperatures after the cold.
2. During the healing of the humidity interface, excessive water loss is prevented and the cotyledons are wilted. Therefore, once the grafting should be poured once permeate, but be careful not to affect the temperature and the ground temperature, the interface must not touch the water. The arch cover film is inserted on the crucible, surrounded by compaction and sealing, and the relative humidity in the shed must be kept above 90%. Generally, it is advisable to exhibit small drops of water on the arch membrane, and it is necessary to maintain a relatively high humidity during the healing of the interface, but not so much. it is good. When it is too large, the plants are full of water droplets, resulting in the proliferation of molds and causing interface fester. The first 2-3 days of sealing, after the appropriate release sooner or later, in order to reduce the temperature and reduce the incidence, until the grafted seedlings confirmed survival, and then remove the shed into normal management.
3. The grafted seedlings just after the light should not be exposed to strong light. The strong light will increase the temperature in the shed, reduce the relative humidity, exacerbate the evaporation of the leaf surface of the grafted seedlings, and easily cause wilting, and the unfavorable interface will heal and die. Therefore, in the first 3 to 4 days, grafted seedlings can only grow under scattered light and shade. Therefore, it was initially covered with grasshoppers and wheatgrass, gradually seeing light sooner or later, until the light was seen at noon. When wilting occurs under strong light, it must be re-shaded, so repeated several times can no longer wilt until the scion grows normally.
(4) Matters needing attention in grafting
1. It is necessary to pay attention to the selection of rootstocks with strong affinity because of the high survival rate of the scions and the subsequent growth conditions and the affinity between the scions and rootstocks. When the affinity is good, the scion grows rapidly and robustly, showing high yield and high quality. When the affinity is poor, grafted seedlings show abnormalities such as yellowing, dwarfing, premature aging, and death. The affinity of watermelons from strong to weak is: watermelon (co-stock), melon melon, wax gourd, pumpkin, melon and cucumber. Some grafts have strong affinity, but the symbiotic ability is not strong. For this reason, two-step grafting should be adopted.
2. Remove cutting buds in time. Always check after grafting, pay attention to timely removal of anvil buds, so as not to affect the growth of the scion.
3. Grasp the appropriate age of grafting when the scion seedlings of two cotyledons to be unfolded, the two rootstocks of the rootstock flattened, the true leaf reveals the heart, the middle of the stem when the smallest part of the marrow cavity is the best grafting age. Generally speaking, watermelon is sown 4 days later than rootstock, and cucumber can be sown 5-6 days later.
4. Note that the occurrence of other diseases such as the use of black-skin squash as the rootstock, cucumber scion, prone to powdery mildew and downy mildew, so we must pay attention to timely prevention and treatment.
(I) Application effects of grafting Grafting is watermelon, cucumber, etc. for scion. With pumpkin, melon melon, melon, etc. as the rootstock. The scion utilizes the characteristics of strong rootstock resistance to Fusarium wilt disease to achieve the purpose of disease prevention, enabling the melon crops to be planted year after year and with high yield in successive years. Facts have proven that due to the developed root system of rootstocks, high absorption capacity and strong cold resistance, it can save 1/4-1/3 of fertilizer and significantly increase production.
In Dongtian Village, Dajia Town, Daqing City, Dalian, in a comparative experiment of harvesting watermelons harvested on the harvested watermelons on the 2.5-a-grained bark of the second year, the incidence of grafted seedlings was only 1.7%, with an average yield of 3744 kg per mu, but not grafted. The incidence of self-rooted seedlings reached 37%, the rate of dead plants was 26.7%, and the yield per mu was only 1054 kg. The incidence of grafting was 35.3% lower than that of non-grafted grafts, and the yield was increased by 258% and increased by 192%.
Grafting seedlings can not only control the wilt disease, ensure the seedlings are full, and the seedlings are strong, but also the roots of the grafted seedlings are strong, they have strong absorption capacity for fertilizers and water, and the formed ovary is large, develops rapidly, and the weight of single fruit increases. The severely deficient planting of self-rooted seedlings resulted in a small and small fruit. The single fruit weight was only 0.9 kg and the largest single fruit weight was 1.1 kg, while the grafted seedlings reached 5.8 and 8.6 kg respectively. The grafted seedlings have an income of 1160 yuan more than the self-rooted seedlings per mu. It can be seen that the melons have obvious benefits from grafting cultivation, which opens up broad prospects for commodity production.
(b) Grafting methods Grafting methods are often used, mainly include plugging, splicing, and splicing.
1. Plug-in method When the rootstock two cotyledons spread flat, when the first true leaf is exposed, the heart blade is cut with a sharp knife, and then a thin tipped bamboo skewer with a sweater needle is inserted. From the top of the two cotyledon nodes, a small hole is inserted obliquely from top to bottom. About 1.5 cm in depth, the hypocotyls of the seedlings that have not been fully developed beforehand are cut into double-sectioned wedges and inserted into the small holes where the rootstock has been inserted so that the two are in close contact with each other. Because this method does not require bagging and clamping, it is easy to operate and has high ergonomics. Skilled operators can receive about 100 strains per hour.
2. Abutment method (cut, cut) The rootstock seedlings from which the growth points are to be removed are cut with a razor blade on the side of the hypocotyls between the two cotyledons and are about 1.5 cm long. Then the cuts that have been wedged into the wedges are inserted into the cuts of the rootstock and the outer edges must be aligned. And gently squeeze the joint tightly squeezed, and finally clamped with a plastic graft clip. It is also useful for film tying or sticking with a glue stick. After survival, remove it again. The method of marrying this law is to strip the heart and open the mouth (cutting) and cut both sides (referring to the scion) and stick it tightly. Skin on the skin, outside the Qili. This method has a high survival rate, the operation is more expensive than the previous method, and the average skilled person can receive 60 strains per hour. Therefore, more methods are used in production.
3. The rootstock seedlings and the scionling seedlings are seeded in a nutrient pod by abutting method (also called tongue connection and mutual connection). The two are separated by 1-2 cm. When the first true leaves of the seedlings are just unfolded, the rootstock seedlings are first The true leaves and growing points were removed at the same time. Then, a knife was cut obliquely from the top down to the 45o angle at 1cm from the hypocotyl near the cotyledon, and reached 1/2-2/3 of the thickness of the hypocotyl. The scionling seedlings are also cut obliquely from the lower to the same height as the rootstock seedling incision, and the cut length and depth are the same as those of the rootstock. Immediately after the scion seedling incision is gently inserted into the incision of the rootstock seedlings and fixed with the tape or grafting clip used in the previous method, the scion root (hypocotyl) is cut twice after the grafting incision is healed, due to this method In the healing period, the scion has always retained the root system, so the survival rate is high and the healing is good. However, this method is more troublesome and the working efficiency is not high, so less is used in production. Recently, this law has been improved: the rootstock and scion are separated, and the seedlings are intensively concentrated. When the grafting is properly carried out, they can be planted in the ground and the ergonomics can be increased exponentially. However, the seedling emergence period appears. This method has been widely used in production.
(C) The management of grafted seedlings The key to survival of grafted seedlings lies in management after grafting.
1. The temperature of grafted seedlings is maintained at a suitable temperature, which is conducive to the healing of the interface. The high temperature during the day and night is not conducive to the healing of the interface. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain 23-30°C during the day and 10-23°C during the night. The temperature should not be lower than 16°C, and care should be taken to prevent the effects of high temperatures during the day or cold temperatures after the cold.
2. During the healing of the humidity interface, excessive water loss is prevented and the cotyledons are wilted. Therefore, once the grafting should be poured once permeate, but be careful not to affect the temperature and the ground temperature, the interface must not touch the water. The arch cover film is inserted on the crucible, surrounded by compaction and sealing, and the relative humidity in the shed must be kept above 90%. Generally, it is advisable to exhibit small drops of water on the arch membrane, and it is necessary to maintain a relatively high humidity during the healing of the interface, but not so much. it is good. When it is too large, the plants are full of water droplets, resulting in the proliferation of molds and causing interface fester. The first 2-3 days of sealing, after the appropriate release sooner or later, in order to reduce the temperature and reduce the incidence, until the grafted seedlings confirmed survival, and then remove the shed into normal management.
3. The grafted seedlings just after the light should not be exposed to strong light. The strong light will increase the temperature in the shed, reduce the relative humidity, exacerbate the evaporation of the leaf surface of the grafted seedlings, and easily cause wilting, and the unfavorable interface will heal and die. Therefore, in the first 3 to 4 days, grafted seedlings can only grow under scattered light and shade. Therefore, it was initially covered with grasshoppers and wheatgrass, gradually seeing light sooner or later, until the light was seen at noon. When wilting occurs under strong light, it must be re-shaded, so repeated several times can no longer wilt until the scion grows normally.
(4) Matters needing attention in grafting
1. It is necessary to pay attention to the selection of rootstocks with strong affinity because of the high survival rate of the scions and the subsequent growth conditions and the affinity between the scions and rootstocks. When the affinity is good, the scion grows rapidly and robustly, showing high yield and high quality. When the affinity is poor, grafted seedlings show abnormalities such as yellowing, dwarfing, premature aging, and death. The affinity of watermelons from strong to weak is: watermelon (co-stock), melon melon, wax gourd, pumpkin, melon and cucumber. Some grafts have strong affinity, but the symbiotic ability is not strong. For this reason, two-step grafting should be adopted.
2. Remove cutting buds in time. Always check after grafting, pay attention to timely removal of anvil buds, so as not to affect the growth of the scion.
3. Grasp the appropriate age of grafting when the scion seedlings of two cotyledons to be unfolded, the two rootstocks of the rootstock flattened, the true leaf reveals the heart, the middle of the stem when the smallest part of the marrow cavity is the best grafting age. Generally speaking, watermelon is sown 4 days later than rootstock, and cucumber can be sown 5-6 days later.
4. Note that the occurrence of other diseases such as the use of black-skin squash as the rootstock, cucumber scion, prone to powdery mildew and downy mildew, so we must pay attention to timely prevention and treatment.
Taizhou XingWang Aquatic Product Co., LTD was established in April 2000 which approved by industry and commerce. It's a comprehensive enterprise of offshore fishing of aquatic products, frozen aquatic products processing.research and development and agricultural products cold-chain logistics.
The registered capital of company is 51.88 million Yuan, total area of company is 72500 square meters including with processing area more than 20000 square meters, refrigerated area about 25000 square meters, cold storage about 50,000 MT.The average number of employees are more than 6 hundreds. Total assets of company is 300 million yuan,annual sales revenue is over 500 million yuan.
We own 7 distant fishing vessels, 14 sea-frozen processing vessels, the annual processing of various types of aquatic products amounted to 100,000 tons. The company main engaged in sea frozen mackerel, sea frozen tuna, sea frozen bonito, also focus on the canned fish, fish loin and octopus etc.
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