Fruitless cucumber cultivation technology
First, nursery. The suitable period of wintering and fruiting cucumber cultivation is from mid-to-late September to mid-October. Generally, grafting is used to raise seedlings. Commonly used rootstocks are black-skinned pumpkins. Cucumbers were sowed 3 to 5 days earlier than pumpkins. When the cotyledons of pumpkin seedlings were unfolded and the true leaves were exposed, they were grafted. In the early spring greenhouse cultivation of cucumbers in the greenhouse in mid-November to mid-January in the following year sowing nursery in the greenhouse, the use of plugs or nutrient sowing precision seeding, the appropriate temperature for the germination period of 24 °C ~ 26 °C. The seedlings can be emerged 4 days after sowing at normal temperature, maintained at 20°C to 28°C during the day after emergence, maintained at 14°C to 18°C ​​during the night, and cultivated at low temperature for 7 days before planting. Second, colonization. Before planting, planting organic fertilizer for 8 to 10 cubic meters in the 15 days before planting and 60 kg of compound fertilizer in ternary fertilizers. After fertilizing, it is finely prepared and sterilized. Then the ground is made into small sorghum, and the width is 0.8 to 1.2 meters. Each row is 2 rows. . Seedlings grow 2 to 3 true leaves when planting, 1800 to 2000 per mu species. Colonization shall be carried out in the morning on sunny days. Watering the water after digging the hole first, then putting the seedlings after water infiltration, and then covering the hole with soil. Third, temperature management. When planting, the shed is first transplanted after the shed, pay attention to ventilation and shading, when the outside temperature drops to 14 °C ~ 16 °C, when the grass cover is covered. After overwintering, the cucumbers can not be ventilated for 5 to 7 days after colonization, so that the daytime temperature in the shed can reach 28°C to 32°C and the nighttime temperature can reach 20°C or above. After the seedlings are grown, the daytime temperature is maintained at 25°C to 28°C, and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 14°C. °C～20°C; After the second true leaf is unfolded, the early morning temperature should be maintained at 10°C～15°C. During the severe winter season, the temperature in the shed is maintained at 23°C to 25°C and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 15°C to 18°C. After entering the spring, the daytime temperature is maintained at 28°C to 30°C and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 18°C ​​to 21°C. Fourth, fertilizer and water management. Higher temperature after planting, watering and cultivating in time to promote root growth. The melon period is poured once every 3 to 5 days. After each watering, the fertilizer is chased once. Appropriate control of water and fertilizer after entering the cold season, as the temperature decreases, the watering interval can be appropriately increased to 10 to 12 days, and once the temperature rises, water is poured every 4 to 5 days. After entering the harvesting period, apply 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer and 20 kg of urea with watering. During the fruiting period, spray 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 7 days. 8 to 10 days Shi fertilizer. Fifth, plant adjustments. The cucumbers in autumn and winter are easy to grow, and they must be put on shelves or vines in a timely manner. The side branches should be removed. When the rootstocks are sprouted, they should be promptly removed. The tendrils should be removed in time before entering the results. When female flowers are too much or when flowers appear to be topping, part of the female flowers must be removed, and female flowers and young females that have already differentiated must be removed in time. After entering the squash, the vine spreads in time and leaves 15 to 16 green leaves for each plant. Remove tendrils and melons when falling, and remove some of the female flowers. Growers have a long growth period and do not need to be picked when they are cultivated. When the top heart breaks, they can be replaced by 1 to 2 lateral branches. Careful attention should be paid to the timely removal of old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves. Six, improve lighting conditions. In order to fully see the light of the cucumber plants, it is necessary to properly expose the evening grate. In order to enhance the lighting in the shed, aluminum-plated polyester reflective screens can be hung on the back wall to remove dust, grass and other contaminants from the film. In the case of cloudy snow, it is not possible to cover the grass. When there is heavy snow, we must cover the grass and then cover it with a layer of anti-snow film. However, after the snow stops, remove the anti-snow film and uncover the grass immediately. Conditional fluorescent lamps can be installed in the greenhouse, one meter high from the crop, and every morning light on cloudy days 2 to 3 hours. Even when the weather suddenly turns cloudy after a cloudy day or in the snow, it should be revealed in an alternating manner to avoid rapid wilting and death. VII. Pest control. Cucumber diseases and pests mainly include downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial angular spot, and wilt disease. The pests include leafminers and aphids. For downy mildew can be used 800 to 1000 times liquid prophylazine or cream rick spray control; can be used for bacterial angular leaf streak 4000 times of agricultural streptomycin or 3000 times the liquid gram of spray control; for wilt disease can be About 500 days of carbendazim was used to fill the roots every 7 days during the seedling stage. The occurrence of 1500-2000 times of green vegetable treasure can be sprayed when a spotted fly occurs, and imidacloprid can be sprayed 1500 times when aphids occur. Eight, harvest. Autumn and winter cucumbers should be harvested early when they grow weak, and can be harvested properly when they grow strong. After the temperature is lowered, it must be lightly harvested and harvested appropriately. Overwintering and picking cucumbers should be harvested early, due to low temperature and short sunshine time during the growing season, and appropriate thinning and thinning of fruits.
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