Fruit Pests and Biological Pesticide Control Techniques
At present, pollution sources in the production of pollution-free and green food should be the first number of pesticides. Promoting the use of pesticides that are safe and reliable, do not pollute the environment, and produce no pollution to humans and animals is an important choice for pollution-free and green food production. Biological pesticides have the advantages of being broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, safety, non-resistance, and not killing natural enemies. Their effective active ingredients basically exist in and come from natural ecosystems, and they can prevent and treat pests that have become resistant to traditional products, and they do not have Cross-resistance; generally safe for humans, livestock, and various beneficial organisms, with relatively little impact on non-target organisms. Therefore, the use of biological pesticides is a breakthrough in the transformation of pollution-free agricultural production technology. 1 Types and Methods of Commonly Used Biological Pesticides 1.1 1.5% Polyoxin WP is produced by Jilin Yanbian Pesticide Factory and Panjin Biochemical Pharmaceutical Factory in Liaoning Province. The chemical name is peptide pyrimidine nucleoside, which is an antibiotic bactericide with good systemic absorption. Control apple mold, ring vein disease, anthrax, use 300-500 times liquid, spray 2 times before bagging at flowering stage; control spotted deciduous disease, start spraying 7-10 days after flowering, spring shoot spray Apply 2 times, spraying once during the shoot period. If it can be used alternately with Bordeaux mixture, the effect is better. It is better to spray in the morning or after the dew in the morning. It is better to avoid the use of dry heat, and be careful not to mix with alkaline substances. 1.2 4% agricultural anti-120 water agent also known as antimycotic 120, Wuhan Kono Biological Pesticide Co., Ltd., Beijing Changping Zhongsheng Microbial Experimental Factory, Sichuan Pujiang Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. and other production. The main component is pyrimidine nucleoside, which is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has a strong inhibitory effect on many plant pathogens. It is mainly prevention and protection and has a certain therapeutic effect. Prevent and treat apple tree rot disease, and use 20 times liquid to smear the lesions after scraping the lesions, the therapeutic effect can reach more than 80%; control powdery mildew, the spray concentration is 100jg/L at the early stage of disease, and then spray once every 15-20 days. . If the condition is serious, the spraying interval can be shortened. 1. 3 B. T. Insecticides are also known as Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides, acaricidal bacteria, and insecticidal bacteria. Switzerland Novartis Co., Ltd., Germany Aigefu company, the United States Abbott Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hubei Kangxin Agricultural Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi South biological pesticide factory, Hunan Biological Products factory production. For the commonly used bacterial pesticides, stomach poisoning is the main effect, and the control effect on lepidopteran pests reaches 80%-90%. Pest-controlling peach borer, spraying at a rate of 1% of eggs, spraying B. T. Wettable powder 500-1000 times liquid; control Lepidoptera pests such as moths, ulnar caterpillars and caterpillars etc. and spray 1,000 times liquid in young larvae. The application period should be 2-3 days ahead of the use of chemical pesticides, and the best control effect should be achieved when the temperature is higher than 30°C. Be careful not to mix with organophosphate insecticides or fungicides. The drug control effect is basically the same as that of chemical pesticides, but the control cost is lower than that of chemical pesticides by more than 30%. 1.4 1.8% Qi Qi Su, also known as avermectin. Swiss Novo Chemical Co., Ltd., Beijing Agricultural University Experimental Pharmaceutical Factory, Shenzhen Tianchu Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangxi Guilin Jichuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and North China Pharmaceutical Group Ainuo Co., Ltd., etc. It is a new type of macrocyclic lipids extracted from soil microorganisms. It has a very high biological activity and is an antibiotic-killing pesticide. It has a good control effect against a variety of pests and aphids. There are contact and stomach poisoning effects on pupae and pests, but they cannot kill eggs. The control of Hawthorn leafhopper and apple red spider was sprayed with 5000 times liquid in the period of 7-10 days after falling, and the effective period was about 30 days. For the two-spotted spider mites, astragalus and gold-grained moths, they also have better control effects. 1.5 25% Diflubenzuron Suspension Jilin Province Tonghua Pesticide Factory, Guangdong Province Huiyang Zhongxun Chemical Co., Ltd., Hebei Province Xushui Geely Biomimetic Pesticide Co., Ltd., Henan Anyang Lin Pharmaceutical Factory and other production. The chemical name is 1-o-chlorobenzoyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea. Is a biochemical pesticide, mainly stomach poisoning, and contact with the touch, resistant to rain erosion, degradation rate is slow, the effective period of 15-20d. It has special effects on lepidopteran pests, killing eggs and larvae, and can also produce sterility in adults. The production is mainly used for the control of the gold moth, the control period is the emergence period, the use of a concentration of 2000 times liquid. The drug is particularly effective against pests that have been resistant to organophosphorus, pyrethroids, and other insecticides. The drug is a delayed effect, generally effective after 3-4d, the application time should be in the early stages of pests. 1.6 20% chitosan suspension agent produced by Tonghua Pesticide Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Is an insect growth inhibitor. Compared with 25% diflubenzuron, the effect of killing eggs and insects is better and the effective period is longer. The suitable concentration of the golden thread moth is 8000 times; the peach borer is controlled and sprayed 6000-8000 times in the early stage of adult egg laying and larvae. 1.7 Rotenone was produced in Guangxi Nanning Shilv Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangdong Guangzhou Pesticide Factory. Is a plant-derived insecticide, with contact, stomach poisoning, growth inhibition and antifeedant effect. At the beginning of the aphid season, it was sprayed with 2.5% rotenone cream 750 times. Solution should be used with the distribution. The safety interval after application is 3d. 1.8 25% Insecticide Double Water Agent Hunan Pesticide Factory, Hunan Changde Chemical Industry Plant, Zhuzhou Pesticide Plant, Fujian Fuding Pesticide Factory, Fuzhou Pesticide Factory, Guangxi Pingle Pesticide Factory, Anhui Hefei Chemical Plant, Jiangsu Liyang Chemical Plant, Sichuan Jianyang Pesticide Factory, Zhejiang Haiyan Pesticide Factory, Guizhou Zunyi Soda Plant, and Jiangxi Pesticide Plant. The chemical name is 2-dimethylamino-1,3-bisthiosulfonate sodium propane. It is a nerve agent with strong contact and stomach toxicity, and it also has a certain fumigation effect. , To prevent hawthorn leafhoppers, spraying 800 times liquid at the age of Ruoqiang and Chengyu. It can be used to treat apple claws, pear caterpillars and leaf roller moths. When sprayed with the insecticidal bi-fat agent, 0.1% of detergent powder may be added to increase the spreading property of the liquid medicine. 1.9 50% Li Fu Nong (Hundred Palladium) WP is produced at the Changqing Chemical Plant of Puyang City, Jiangsu Province. It is a complex formulation whose Active Ingredient is imidacloprid and insecticidal. The chemical name of imidacloprid is 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylamine. The chemical name of the insect sheet is 1-thiosulfonic acid-2-dimethylamino-3-thiosulfonate propane. The insecticide has a broad insecticidal spectrum and strong insecticidal power, and has strong stomach poisoning, contact killing, and systemic absorption, both fumigation and ovicidal effects, and special effects on lepidopteran larvae. The control of the golden-lined moth, spraying Lifanong 1000-1500 times when the hatching is in progress or when some of the larvae have been drilled into the leaves; the Japanese ball is hard to control, and it is hatched in mid-late May (ie, under the shell After 5 days of pink husks, spray 1000-500 times of Lifannon. Add 0.3% neutral laundry detergent at the time of dispensing to increase its ability to expand and increase the insecticidal effect. 2 A few attention problems 2.1 The use of biological pesticides are mostly delayed type, so the application time should be a few days in advance of the use of chemical pesticides, the specific advance time is based on the characteristics of each biological pesticide. 2.2 Air Humidity The effectiveness of biopesticides increases significantly with the environmental humidity and must be applied when there is dew. 2.3 Light Intensity The ultraviolet light in the sunlight has a lethal effect on the active substances in biological pesticides, generally before 10 o'clock in the morning, after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, or spraying on cloudy days. 2.4 Ambient Temperature When biological pesticides are sprayed, it is important to know that the temperature is above 20°C. According to experiments, the effect of biological pesticides after spraying at a temperature of 25-30°C is 1-2 times higher than that at 10-15°C. In addition, unless specifically stated, try not to mix with other pesticides; storage should be placed in a cool, dark place, avoid high temperature or exposure, away from the fire; to be used with the distribution, to avoid long-term placement after preparation.
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