Four reasons for low bean yield
First, serious
Qingzhou, Shandong Province mainly produces greenhouse vegetables, and most of the vegetable farmers in early spring use the watermelon planting pattern, and have been used for many years. There are two kinds of planting modes in the local area. One is to plant directly when the watermelon is poured with two or three waters, the other is to sow or colonize the watermelon after harvesting, and some vegetable farmers set the time for the interplanting after the watermelon is sitting on the melon. No matter which kind of intercropping mode, the vegetable production time of the arch shed is greatly prolonged, the time for the arch shed to be shortened is shortened, and even there is no time for soil treatment, which undoubtedly increases the harm of continuous cropping. Among all the vegetables, watermelons and legumes are all kinds of vegetables that are sensitive to heavy mites. In early spring, watermelon can effectively reduce the risk of heavy mites by grafting and increase yield. However, legumes cannot be grafted, so the damage caused by heavy mites is even more serious. In the case of repeated planting for many years, legumes usually have weak growth, frequent root disease, and premature aging, and the yield is greatly affected.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem of low yield and easy premature aging of beans, we must first solve the problem of serious damage. Rotation is the most effective measure to solve this problem. If the local market allows farmers to choose spring vegetables to grow tomatoes, eggplant, peppers and other vegetables to reduce the risk of heavy mites; if the local market situation is relatively simple, other crops are difficult to sell, you can carry out soil treatment, through lime, cotton and other cotton sheds To reduce soil pathogens and harmful substances, combined with the application of biological fertilizers and decomposed organic fertilizers, increase soil beneficial microorganisms, and improve soil conditions to reduce the risk of heavy mites.
Second, fertilization has deviation
The young beans that grow again after harvesting the beans are growing slowly and the number of curved beans is increased. This kind of beans are sold in the market with defective products, and the price difference is more than half. In general, most vegetable farmers who have such a situation have misunderstandings in the application of fertilization. From the seedling stage to the peak of the pod, they have never been replaced with yellow humic acid fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer.
Fertilizers such as fulvic acid and amino acids are classified as functional fertilizers. Because they contain a large amount of substances that promote root growth, they can enhance the function of roots in a short period of time after application, and the plants perform well. However, the inorganic nutrient content necessary for plant growth in such fertilizers is small. Therefore, such fertilizer is applied after the seedling stage, the fruiting stage and the root system are damaged, which promotes the growth and recovery of the root system and improves the growth of the vegetables, and the effect is good. However, such functional fertilizers are not suitable for long-term single application, especially after entering the peak period, the demand for inorganic nutrition of the plants is greatly increased. At this time, a large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer should be replaced in time. If you continue to use such fertilizers, it will make it difficult for inorganic nutrients to meet the growth of pods, and there will be a slow growth and a large number of pods in the pods.
Therefore, vegetable growers should choose the type of water-soluble fertilizer according to the different growth stages of the beans. Do not use a fertilizer to rush to the end. For example, after planting, humic acid, chitin, sea urchin or alginic acid fertilizer can be used to promote root growth and improve seedlings. Growth; after plant buds, mineral nutrient package fertilizer containing organic minerals can be used to supplement the flowering and sitting pods of the plants, but it should be noted that the use of potassium sulphate can easily cause drum granules; when the plant grows in the middle and late stages, the minerals can be used. Nutritional water soluble fertilizer supplements nutrition and promotes rooting in parallel. In addition, the beans need a lot of trace elements, such as molybdenum, boron, etc., should pay attention to the supplement of trace element fertilizer. Generally, leaf spraying can be used to promote the normal differentiation of flower buds and sitting pods.
Third, the pruning is not timely
Beans have strong branching ability. After the first sorghum is harvested, as the stems grow, the field will gradually close down. At this time, management of pruning and threshing should be carried out in time to facilitate flowering and pod formation. The planting density of the beans is relatively high. After entering the pod-forming period, the branches and leaves are more and more dense. If the appropriate pruning is not carried out, the pods will be flowered due to the canopy in the field. The planting density of the intercropped beans is generally low, and the pods are not affected by the canopy in the field; in addition, the night temperature is high, the temperature difference between day and night is small, and a large number of functional leaves do not have enough light, and the organic nutrients accumulated during the day are too little. It will affect the subsequent flower bud differentiation and flowering pods, reducing the yield of beans.
It is recommended that the vegetable farmers timely pruning according to the growth of the beans. When the main branch grows above the wire, it is necessary to pick the heart in time and increase the number of side branches. Pay attention to the group's tip during the pod process to avoid forming a "hat" at the top. Some bean varieties will produce a large number of branches after removing the growth point, and should be removed in time to ensure a reasonable number of branches. In the later stage, it is necessary to pay attention to cutting out the aging branches, promoting the growth of new vines and increasing the yield in the later stage.
Fourth, pest control is not timely
The two major pest factors currently inhibiting the production of beans are root-knot nematode and aphids. In some areas where the beans have been cultivated for many years, root-knot nematode disease is particularly serious, which often leads to the gradual decline of the growth of the beans, and the production in the middle and late stages is greatly reduced. The root-knot nematode is a serious shed. The growth of the locusts is weak, the plants are short, the leaves are light, the pods are not podted or the pods are poor. The plants are wilting before and after the noon weather, and the early stage is premature aging. In addition, the weather is relatively dry this year, and some small pests such as locusts and thrips have concentrated outbreaks. The locust locust is very serious, especially at the vent. Aphids usually concentrate on the young parts such as growing points and suck the cell juice to cause cell death, which will make the growth point shrink.
For root knot nematode disease, avermectin can be used for rooting during the growth period, or it can be killed by applying a hundred acres. It is also possible to carry out soil treatment with a high temperature suffocating shed in the summer and to effectively inhibit the occurrence of root-knot nematodes.
The control of locusts is a big problem for many vegetable farmers. It is recommended to control the mites to kill eggs and eggs, and to use some agents that can kill adult worms and inhibit eggs, such as oxazolidine, oxazinium and the like. It is more important to clean up the garden in time and clean up the weeds and litter on the ground.
The resistance of legumes is poor, especially for herbicides. Some greenhouses close to wheat and corn are often affected by herbicides. After the herbicide is found to be harmful to the herb, it can be sprayed with chlorpyrifos, bismuth (alkaline, gibberellin, etc.) to relieve the phytotoxicity, and appropriate application of humic acid to promote crop recovery. Properly increase soil water content to promote plant regeneration.
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