Endocrine system and fish reproduction
The regulation and control of reproductive activity in fish is mainly controlled by the nervous system and the endocrine system. Pituitary formation in the endocrine gland releases hormones to control the development of the gonads and related reproductive processes, while the pituitary secretion is regulated by neural activity, especially the hypothalamus. There is a close relationship between the fish's hypothalamus - pituitary gland - gonads, which directly affects the reproduction of fish.
1. The structure and function of the pituitary gland
(1) Pituitary structure The pituitary gland of the fish is located in the ventral surface of the diencephalon and is connected to the hypothalamus. The entire pituitary gland is divided into two parts: the nerve part and the glandular part. The nerve part is directly connected with the hypothalamus, and its nerve fiber penetrates into the glandular part, and it is controlled by the hypothalamus of the central nervous system to regulate the secretion function of the gland. The gland is divided into three parts: the anterior lobe, the mesenchymal lobe, and the posterior lobe. The development and maturation of the gonads are closely related to the ovulation.
(2) Physiological function of the pituitary gland Secretory cells in the pituitary gland produce gonadotropin (GTH), which causes gonadotropin secretion and estrogen or androgens through the blood circulation to the gonads, thereby inducing gonadal development and maturation. spawning. The gonadotropin secreted by the pituitary gland contains luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Generally believed that the role of luteinizing hormone is mainly to cause ovulation, follicle-stimulating hormone can promote sperm and egg maturation.
(3) Extraction and preservation of the pituitary gland The fish used to obtain the pituitary gland are usually fresh mature salmon. The best time to remove it is in January of the winter (before the Spring Festival), when the content of gonadotropins in the pituitary gland is the highest. There are two methods for picking: one is from the side of the lid, that is, the lid of the fish is lifted first, and the knife is removed (the general end of the 8th wire is slightly bent into a spade). After inserting the sphenoid joint, the sphenoid bone is provoked and the milky white pituitary can be exposed. The intact pituitary gland is gently picked out with a picking knife. This method is easy to use pituitary operation, speed, in particular, will not damage the shape of the fish, does not affect the value of its products, so the farm use this method. Another is to use a knife to cut open the cranial parietal bone on the upper edge of the fish's eyes, remove the fat to expose the fish brain, and see a small white point in the front of the fish is the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is gently picked out with tweezers and the pituitary gland should be intact. .
The pituitary gland was removed to remove impurities such as white dirt, and put it into acetone (or absolute alcohol) 20 times the volume of the pituitary gland. Degrease, dehydrate, soak for 8-12 hours, and then replace it with acetone twice. 2 -3 times. Remove the pituitary, place it on a clean white paper, dry it in a dry and clean vial immediately after 20-30 minutes, and store in a cool place with a wax seal. It can also be replaced with acetone once more and sealed together with the solution.
2. Hypothalamic structure and neurosecretion activity
(1) The structure and function of the thalamus The hypothalamus is located in the ventral surface of the diencephalon and is connected to the pituitary gland through the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus contains a large number of neuron nuclei, in which the preoptic nucleus and lateral tuberculosis contain neurosecretory cells that produce a gonadotropin-releasing hormone and a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone. (GRIH). These two neurosecretory hormones have a direct effect on gonadotropin-secreting cells in the pituitary gland. Lutein releasing hormone (LRH) causes the cell to secrete gonadotropin (GTH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRIH). ) It inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin (GTH) by cells.
(2) Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad relationship Fishes In the process of gonadal development, maturation, ovulation, and oviposition, the central nervous system receives from the outside world (such as light, through the external receptors-visual, tactile, and lateral organs). Stimuli such as temperature, sex, etc. are transmitted to the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic neurosecretory cells are stimulated to produce luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH). LRH enters the pituitary secretory cells, and the hypothalamic nerves secrete cells and then secrete gonadotropin (CTH). CTH enters the gonad through the bloodstream and stimulates the gonads to secrete hormones. Under the action of gonadal hormones, fish exhibit secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive behavior, promote gonad growth and development, oocyte maturation, ovulation or sperm production.
1. The structure and function of the pituitary gland
(1) Pituitary structure The pituitary gland of the fish is located in the ventral surface of the diencephalon and is connected to the hypothalamus. The entire pituitary gland is divided into two parts: the nerve part and the glandular part. The nerve part is directly connected with the hypothalamus, and its nerve fiber penetrates into the glandular part, and it is controlled by the hypothalamus of the central nervous system to regulate the secretion function of the gland. The gland is divided into three parts: the anterior lobe, the mesenchymal lobe, and the posterior lobe. The development and maturation of the gonads are closely related to the ovulation.
(2) Physiological function of the pituitary gland Secretory cells in the pituitary gland produce gonadotropin (GTH), which causes gonadotropin secretion and estrogen or androgens through the blood circulation to the gonads, thereby inducing gonadal development and maturation. spawning. The gonadotropin secreted by the pituitary gland contains luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Generally believed that the role of luteinizing hormone is mainly to cause ovulation, follicle-stimulating hormone can promote sperm and egg maturation.
(3) Extraction and preservation of the pituitary gland The fish used to obtain the pituitary gland are usually fresh mature salmon. The best time to remove it is in January of the winter (before the Spring Festival), when the content of gonadotropins in the pituitary gland is the highest. There are two methods for picking: one is from the side of the lid, that is, the lid of the fish is lifted first, and the knife is removed (the general end of the 8th wire is slightly bent into a spade). After inserting the sphenoid joint, the sphenoid bone is provoked and the milky white pituitary can be exposed. The intact pituitary gland is gently picked out with a picking knife. This method is easy to use pituitary operation, speed, in particular, will not damage the shape of the fish, does not affect the value of its products, so the farm use this method. Another is to use a knife to cut open the cranial parietal bone on the upper edge of the fish's eyes, remove the fat to expose the fish brain, and see a small white point in the front of the fish is the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is gently picked out with tweezers and the pituitary gland should be intact. .
The pituitary gland was removed to remove impurities such as white dirt, and put it into acetone (or absolute alcohol) 20 times the volume of the pituitary gland. Degrease, dehydrate, soak for 8-12 hours, and then replace it with acetone twice. 2 -3 times. Remove the pituitary, place it on a clean white paper, dry it in a dry and clean vial immediately after 20-30 minutes, and store in a cool place with a wax seal. It can also be replaced with acetone once more and sealed together with the solution.
2. Hypothalamic structure and neurosecretion activity
(1) The structure and function of the thalamus The hypothalamus is located in the ventral surface of the diencephalon and is connected to the pituitary gland through the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus contains a large number of neuron nuclei, in which the preoptic nucleus and lateral tuberculosis contain neurosecretory cells that produce a gonadotropin-releasing hormone and a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone. (GRIH). These two neurosecretory hormones have a direct effect on gonadotropin-secreting cells in the pituitary gland. Lutein releasing hormone (LRH) causes the cell to secrete gonadotropin (GTH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRIH). ) It inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin (GTH) by cells.
(2) Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad relationship Fishes In the process of gonadal development, maturation, ovulation, and oviposition, the central nervous system receives from the outside world (such as light, through the external receptors-visual, tactile, and lateral organs). Stimuli such as temperature, sex, etc. are transmitted to the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic neurosecretory cells are stimulated to produce luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH). LRH enters the pituitary secretory cells, and the hypothalamic nerves secrete cells and then secrete gonadotropin (CTH). CTH enters the gonad through the bloodstream and stimulates the gonads to secrete hormones. Under the action of gonadal hormones, fish exhibit secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive behavior, promote gonad growth and development, oocyte maturation, ovulation or sperm production.
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