Cultivation of coprinus comatus with xylitol residue
Coprinus genus fungus basidiomycotina subphylum Agaricus sp. It not only has high nutritional value, but also has significant medicinal value. According to the determination, Coprinus comatus contains 8 kinds of human essential amino acids, crude protein content as high as 25.4%, beneficial to the spleen and stomach, soothe the nerves, cure phlegm and other effects, regular consumption helps digestion, increase appetite and acne treatment. At present, it is in short supply in domestic and foreign markets and has a broad market prospect. The author used xylitol slag for the cultivation of coprinus comatus and applied it to the production of mushroom sheds, which achieved high economic benefits. This technology has the characteristics of low raw material cost (approximately 50% cost saving compared to using cottonseed husk), simple operation, and high conversion rate (about 100%). The technology is introduced as follows. 1. Biological characteristics of Coprinus comatus 1.1 Morphological characteristics Coprinus comatus can be divided into two parts: mycelia and fruiting body. 1.1.1 Mycelium is the main body of Coprinus comatus, and it grows and reproduces in the matrix, absorbing, transporting, and accumulating nutrients. 1.1.2 Fruiting bodies are single or single, buds have a cylindrical cap, resembling chicken thighs, hence the name coprinus comatus, later bell-shaped, finally flattening, early white cap, smooth surface, late light brown, surface Cracked, becoming flat phosphorous flakes. 1.2 Physiological characteristics 1.2.1 Culture material Coprinus comatus is a kind of grass rot fungi, and its nutritional requirements are not strict, and various crop straws or agricultural product wastes (we use xylitol slag) can be used. 1.2.2 Temperature Coprinus comatus is an intermediate temperature type fungus, the mycelium growth temperature is 3 ~ 33 °C, the optimum temperature is 23 °C, higher or lower than 23 °C, the growth are slower, more than 35 °C, hyphae Self-dissolving phenomenon occurs, over 40°C, 2 hours of dead dry, mycelium has strong anti-low temperature resistance, and will not freeze to death at -40°C; mushrooming temperature is 8～30°C, more than 30°C does not form fruit body, low At 8°C, the black bud died and died. 1.2.3 Humidity During the growth of coprinus comatus mycelium, the water content of the culture material is 60% to 65%. Above or below this range, the growth of mycelium is weakened; the growth stage of fruiting bodies requires a relatively high humidity, and the relative humidity of air is 85. % ~ 90%, humidity is insufficient, fruit body is thin and small, scales are increased; humidity is too high, and bacteria spots easily occur. 1.2.4 Light Coprinus comatus does not require light during its growth phase, and strong light has an inhibitory effect on the growth of mycelia; the growth stage of fruiting bodies requires an appropriate amount of scattered light. 1.2.5 Air Coprinus comatus is aerobic, but less oxygen is required than other aerobic bacteria. Winter cultivation should be as little as possible ventilation, which is conducive to insulation. During the fruiting period, the shed with high carbon dioxide content is more tender and fresh, but excessive carbon dioxide can cause malformed mushrooms. 1.2.6 pH Coprinus comatus requires a slightly higher pH, and mycelia can grow in the pH range of 4-9. The optimum pH is 6.5-7.5. 1.2.7 Coated soil Coprinus comatus is an indigenous species. The production and growth of fruiting bodies are inseparable from the soil. If no soil stimulation is used, the mycelium development will not form a fruit body, but the mycelium has strong anti-aging ability. The bag was stored in the dark for 1.8 months. 2. Coprinus comatus cultivation and management techniques 2.1 Cultivation season Coprinus comatus grows naturally above 10°C, spring from March to June, and fall from September to November. Artificial cultivation can be planted in greenhouses from September to March of the following year because it is protected by greenhouses. It can be harvested from November to June. 2.2 Construction of the mushroom house The selection of the site can cover an area of ​​50 square meters per 1000 kilograms, depending on the amount of feed. Courtyards, farmlands, pits, and ditches can all be used as mushroom farms. The construction of mushroom houses is the same as solar greenhouses (winter greenhouses). Dropless plastic membranes must be used. 2.3 Preparation of culture materials Xylitol slag 1000 kg, corn cob 1000 kg (or 400 kg of corn stalk or wheat straw 250 kg), 200 kg of cotton kernel cake (or 100 kg of soybean meal, 500 kg of wheat bran), 300 kg of lime, phosphoric acid 8 kg of dihydrogen potassium, 4 kg of magnesium sulfate, 30 kg of urea, 2.4 How to ferment fermented material to produce high-quality culture material is the key to success or failure. We must put a good fermentation off, mix the broth, and build a 1.5-meter-wide, 0.6-meter-high, unlimited-length pile. When the temperature of the material rose to 50 °C, it began to turn over. Before turning, a small amount of water could be sprayed on the surface of the pile. It was better to use no dry material. When turning, the material in the center is turned to the surface, and the surface layer and the bottom layer of the material are turned to the center. The temperature of the material can rise to 60-80° C. It must not exceed 80° C. Generally, it can be turned 3 times. The material that was successfully fermented was a large number of white actinomycetes, no sourness and ammonia, dark brown, and sweet flavor of the fermented material. 2.5 Bagging sowing Each bag contains 5 layers of bacteria and 4 layers of material. First, a layer of bacteria is added, then a layer of material is added, and the bacteria species are chopped into walnut-sized pieces. In this way, a layer of bacteria is installed to hold a layer of material, and finally the bacteria is sealed. Packing should pay attention to the tightness, and use a 3 cm diameter wooden stick to make 1 oblique hole at each end of the bag. 2.6 Management during the germination period The temperature is relatively high before October. At this time, the fungus bags will be discharged on the ground by 1 storey. There will be a gap of 3cm between the bags and the bags. The fungus can be used in houses or under the shade of trees. Fungus. Since October, the weather has become increasingly variable, requiring bacteria to grow out of the air, choosing a leeward sunny space, and leveling the ground to start removing bacteria. Fall 3 rows of bacteria bags, 4 to 5 layers in winter, leaving 3 cm between the bag and the gap, leaving 10 cm between rows and lines. The straw shall cover 10 to 20 cm of wheat straw, then be covered with plastic cloth, and four vents shall be erected around the floor with bricks to spread the plastic cloth. Several thermometers shall be inserted in the bacteria bag, and the temperature shall be recorded once every morning and evening. Keep abreast of temperature changes. The temperature within the bacterial bag during the germination period is controlled at 20 to 25°C. Above or below this temperature range, problems are easily caused. In particular, there is a danger of burning bacteria above 30°C, and hyphae above 35°C will spontaneously dissolve and cause cultivation failure. Use the method of uncovering the plastic cloth and adjusting the vent to control the temperature of the bacteria bag. If the temperature rises sharply, the plastic cloth can be peeled off. In winter, the bagging temperature can be used for fermentation, and when the material temperature drops to 38° C., the bag can be bagged. Bagging the row of bacteria, along with wheat straw and plastic cloth, can keep the temperature. 2.7 Mycelia can be covered in about 20 days after bagging. According to the habit of non-sticking soil of coprinus comatus, the mycelium can be covered with soil after being covered; before the soil is covered, the mushroom shed is irrigated with water and then dig 10 cm deep and 1.5 m wide. The silk bag is removed from the plastic bag, and then the bag is cut vertically from the middle and placed in a dug well, then covered with soil; the 1/4-fermented culture material is added to the cover soil, which is conducive to high yield and good mushrooming. . Covering the soil is 3 to 4 cm. The moisture of the soil is controlled by the hand and it is appropriate to touch it. After the soil is covered with a plastic film, the temperature of the bacteria bag is maintained at 14 to 25°C, and the buds can be budded after 15 days. 2.8 mushroom management management of mycelium development into the reproductive growth stage, the main management to cool down, create temperature differences, maintain mushroom shed air humidity, reduce ventilation, appropriate oxygen deficiency can make fruiting bodies grow fast and fresh, good mushroom shape. It takes 6-10 days for the kinks of the mycelium to form a mushroom bud, and the physical maturity takes 7-12 days. 2.9 Harvest When the fruit rim of the fruiting pod is just beginning to loosen, it must be timely harvested when the stalk is tightly packed. Hold the lower part of the bacterium handle by hand and gently pull it to remove it. Try not to destroy the soil layer. After harvesting, the material surface is finished so that the next mushroom grows.
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